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Al-Khatib IA Arafat HA Basheer T Shawahneh H Salahat A Eid J Ali W 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2007,27(12):1910-1919
There is a great interest in solving problems related to municipal solid waste (MSW) management in the Palestinian territory. However, few studies have been done to assess the extent of these problems and suggest the best alternative solutions. This study aims at assessing MSW conditions in the seven major districts in northern West Bank, Palestinian territory. The study focuses on comparing several MSW management elements (such as collection, budget, and disposal) in municipalities, village councils, and refugee camps in the studied districts and the problems faced by these institutions in handling the waste. It also provides information on MSW collection service availability and waste disposal practices in the districts studied. It was found that, although MSW collection service was available for 98% of the residents in the areas surveyed, no proper treatment or landfill procedure was followed for the collected waste in most of these areas. Instead, waste burning in open dumpsites was the most common practice. Moreover, due to inefficient collection of waste disposal fees from the residents, municipalities were forced to sometimes cut the collection service and reduce its labor force, especially in villages. The budget for MSW management was between 2% and 8% of the total budget of the municipalities studied, indicating a low priority for this issue. 相似文献
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Nour F. Attia Ahmed M. Eid Mohamed A. Soliman Mohamed Nagy 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(3):1072-1077
High quality graphene sheets (GRP) have been exfoliated using facile one pot method through direct ultrasonication of graphite in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol. The GRP were decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) producing graphene–silver nanoparticle composites. The effect of variation of graphite and silver salt mass ratios on the morphology and performance of produced composites was studied. The size of AgNPs decorated on GRP has been tuned with synthesis method optimization. The average size of AgNPs was found to be in the range of 8.6–15.6 nm. Cotton–polyester blend textile fabrics were treated with the new smart developed composite as antibacterial agent producing new composites. A significant inhibition of bacterial growth has been observed for graphene–silver nanoparticle composite and the antibacterial efficiency was optimized. The clear inhibition zone for textiles treated with new developed composite and AgNPs alone was recorded as 12 and 1.75 mm respectively, achieving more than six fold improvement. 相似文献
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This paper develops an analytical framework to investigate the relationship between water and armed conflict, and applies it to the ‘Summer War’ of 2006 between Israel and Lebanon (Hezbollah). The framework broadens and deepens existing classifications by assessing the impact of acts of war as indiscriminate or targeted, and evaluating them in terms of international norms and law, in particular International Humanitarian Law (IHL). In the case at hand, the relationship is characterised by extensive damage in Lebanon to drinking water infrastructure and resources. This is seen as a clear violation of the letter and the spirit of IHL, while the partial destruction of more than 50 public water towers compromises water rights and national development goals. The absence of pre‐war environmental baselines makes it difficult to gauge the impact on water resources, suggesting a role for those with first‐hand knowledge of the hostilities to develop a more effective response before, during, and after armed conflict. 相似文献
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El-kenawy El-Sayed M. Zerouali Bilel Bailek Nadjem Bouchouich Kada Hassan Muhammed A. Almorox Javier Kuriqi Alban Eid Marwa Ibrahim Abdelhameed 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(54):81279-81299
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Evapotranspiration is an important quantity required in many applications, such as hydrology and agricultural and irrigation planning. Reference... 相似文献
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Elbaz Ahmed M. Ahmed Ayman M. H. Abdel-Maqsoud Ahmed Badran Aml M. M. Abdel-Moneim Abdel-Moneim Eid 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(30):45578-45588
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Global warming has become intensified and widespread, threatening the world with causing acute heatwaves that adversely affect poultry production and... 相似文献