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151.
Nobuo Kokubun Akinori Takahashi Yoshihisa Mori Shinichi Watanabe Hyoung-Chul Shin 《Marine Biology》2010,157(4):811-825
Chinstrap, Pygoscelis antarctica, and gentoo, P. papua, penguins are sympatric species that inhabit the Antarctic Peninsula. To evaluate differences in the foraging habitat of
these two species, we recorded their foraging locations and diving behavior using recently developed GPS-depth data loggers.
The study was conducted on King George Island, Antarctica during the chick-guarding period of both species, from December
2006 to January 2007. The area used for foraging, estimated as the 95% kernel density of dive (>5 m) locations, overlapped
partially between the two species (26.4 and 68.5% of the area overlapped for chinstrap and gentoo penguins, respectively).
However, the core foraging area, estimated as the 50% kernel density, was mostly separate (12.8 and 25.0% of the area overlapped
for chinstrap and gentoo penguins, respectively). Chinstrap penguins tended to use off-shelf (water depth > 200 m) regions
(77% of the locations for dives >5 m), whereas gentoo penguins mainly used on-shelf (water depth < 200 m) areas (71% of dive
locations). The data on foraging locations, diving behavior, and bathymetry indicated that gentoo penguins often performed
benthic dives (28% of dives >5 m), whereas chinstrap penguins almost always used the epipelagic/mid-water layer (96% of dives
>5 m). Diving parameters such as diving bottom duration or diving efficiency differed between the species, reflecting differences
in the use of foraging habitat. The diving parameters also suggested that the on-shelf benthic layer was profitable foraging
habitat for gentoo penguins. Conversely, the relationship between trip duration, date, and stomach content mass suggested
that the chinstrap penguins went further from the colony to forage as the season progressed, possibly reflecting a reduction
in prey availability near the colony. Our results suggest that chinstrap and gentoo penguins segregated their foraging habitat
in the Antarctic coastal marine environment, possibly due to inter- and intra-specific competition for common prey resources. 相似文献
152.
Tsutomu Aoshima Mitsuharu Kajita Yoshitaka Sekido Shunji Mimura Atsuo Itakura Izumi Yasuda Takeyori Saheki Kazuyoshi Watanabe Kaoru Shimokata Toshimitsu Niwa 《黑龙江环境通报》2001,21(8):634-637
We report a Japanese boy who died at Day 28 of life because of severe carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS1) deficiency that was proven by enzyme assay. By analysis of cDNA and genomic DNA, he was shown to be a compound heterozygote with two point mutations of the CPS1 gene, 840G>C leading to an aberrant splicing and 1123C>T (predicting Q375X). The 840G>C was a mutation described in another Japanese family. Since his parents carried each mutation heterozygously, we performed prenatal diagnosis at 16 weeks of his mother's next gestation by multiplex PCR and melting curve analysis in a single capillary containing two-color fluorescent (LC-Red 640 and LC-Red 705) probes on LightCycler. We analyzed genomic DNA extracted from amniotic cells and found that the fetus was homozygous for the wild-type alleles. At term a healthy girl was born without hyperammonemia. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
153.
154.
Watanabe I Ichihashi H Tanabe S Amano M Miyazaki N Petrov EA Tatsukawa R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1996,94(2):169-179
Trace element concentrations (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Co and Hg) were determined in 60 Baikal seals and in fishes collected from Lake Baikal in 1992. Low levels of Hg and Cd were found in Baikal seals in comparison with those of marine mammals and it was due to their low concentrations in dietary fish. These results suggest that pollution by Hg and Cd was low in Lake Baikal and these toxic elements were unlikely to be the causative factors for mass mortality of Baikal seal in 1987-1988. Significant correlation of Hg concentration between hair and internal tissues suggested the use of hair for Hg monitoring in pinnipeds. Among essential elements, higher Fe and lower Cu levels were specifically found in the liver of Baikal seal. The noticeable accumulation of essential elements might be related to the unique and specific environment of Lake Baikal. 相似文献
155.
A. Watanabe A. Ohara N. Tajima S. Yoneki Y. Hosoya 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2003,5(1):0039-0048
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a type of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), are considered to be endocrine disrupters.
According to the Stockholm Convention on POPs, PCB detoxification is being accelerated globally. We have developed an environmentally
sound chemical PCB detoxification plant using the ultraviolet ray/catalyst method. The purpose of this paper is to check the
design methodology for the PCB detoxification plant by the application of probabilistic safety analysis. First, possible hazardous
events were determined; second, the weakest points in these hazardous events were established; and third, the impact when
failures arise at the weak points in the system were studied. We clarified the preventive measures as follows. To prevent
PCBs leaking into the environment, select leak-tight valves for the piping containing PCBs, and reduce the number of valves.
To prevent fire or explosions due to leaks of an inflammable mixture, select leak-tight valves, reduce the number of valves
installed in the piping, and improve the reliability of the suppression tank in the isopropyl alcohol (IPA) recovery unit.
Received: February 27, 2001 / Accepted: June 17, 2002 相似文献
156.
157.
Genetic population structures along the Japanese coast, analyzed by sequence data from the mitochondrial DNA COI region, were
determined for four intertidal brachyuran species in the superfamily Thoracotremata (Ocypode ceratophthalma, Gaetice depressus, Chiromantes dehaani and Deiratonotus japonicus), which were characterized by different habitat requirements. O. ceratophthalma (seashore; supratidal sand) and C. dehaani (estuarine; supratidal marsh) showed no significant genetic differentiation among Japanese populations. The Japanese populations
of O. ceratophthalma, however, were found to genetically differentiated from the Philippine population. G. depressus (seashore; intertidal cobbles) exhibited significant genetic differentiation between the Amami-Ohshima population and other
local populations. D. japonicus (estuarine; intertidal cobbles) showed significant genetic differentiation among many local populations separated by about
30–1,200 km. The different patterns of genetic population structure recorded for the four species, thus, do not simply correspond
to habitat type.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
158.
Yohei Nakamura Takuro Shibuno David Lecchini Tomohiko Kawamura Yoshiro Watanabe 《Marine Biology》2009,156(11):2413-2419
Successful settlement of pelagic fish larvae into benthic juvenile habitats may be enhanced by a shortened settlement period,
since it limits larval exposure to predation in the new habitat. Because the spatial distribution of marine fish larvae immediately
prior to settlement versus during settlement was unknown, field experiments were conducted at Ishigaki Island (Japan) using
light trap sampling and underwater visual belt transect surveys to investigate the spatial distribution patterns of selected
pre- and post-settlement fishes (Acanthuridae, Pomacentridae, Chaetodonidae and Lethrinidae) among four habitats (seagrass
bed, coral rubble, branching coral and tabular coral). The results highlighted two patterns: patterns 1, pre- and post-settlement
individuals showing a ubiquitous distribution among the four habitats (Acanthuridae) and pattern 2, pre-settlement individuals
distributed in all habitats, but post-settlement individuals restricted to coral (most species of Pomacentridae and Chaetodontidae)
or seagrass habitats (Lethrinidae). The first pattern minimizes the transition time between the larval pelagic stage and acquisition
of a benthic reef habitat, the latter leading immediately to a juvenile lifestyle. In contrast, the second pattern is characterized
by high settlement habitat selectivity by larvae and/or differential mortality immediately after settlement. 相似文献
159.
Relationship of PCDD/F and Co-PCB concentrations in breast milk with infant birthweights in Tokyo, Japan 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
OBJECTIVE: To observe how PCDD/F and Co-PCB concentrations in breast milk relate to infant birthweights in Tokyo, Japan. STUDY DESIGN: Breast milk samples were collected from 240 mothers (aged 25-34years old) residing in Tokyo to measure the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs; 14 congeners), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs; 15 congeners), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs; 12 congeners) in the breast milk fat. Individual milk samples (about 50ml) were obtained 30days after delivery, between the months of June and September in 1999 and 2000. The relationship of the infant birthweights with the PCDD/F and Co-PCB concentrations was observed. RESULTS: The birthweights were negatively correlated the concentrations of many of the PCDD/F and Co-PCB congeners, with the mean toxic equivalent quantities (TEQs) of the Co-PCBs, and with the sum of the PCDD, PCDF and Co-PCBs, although their correlation coefficients were less than 0.200. Multiple regression analysis showed octachlorodioxin was statistically significant explanatory variate. CONCLUSIONS: There were slight relationship between the dioxins levels of breast milk and the birthweights of the infants. 相似文献
160.
Combustible and incombustible speciation of Cl and S in various components of municipal solid waste 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chlorine (Cl) and sulfur (S) in municipal solid waste (MSW) are important reactive elements during combustion. They generate the acidic pollutants HCl and SOx, and, furthermore, produce and suppress organic chlorinated compounds. Nevertheless, few practical reports about Cl and S content in MSW have been published. In combustion and recycling processes, both combustible Cl and S, and incombustible Cl and S species are equally important. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study about combustible and incombustible Cl and S in MSW components, including kitchen garbage, paper, textiles, wood and leaves, plastics and small chips. By integrating this collected data with data about MSW composition, not only the overall content of Cl and S in MSW, but also the origins of both combustible and incombustible Cl and S were estimated. The average Cl content in bulk MSW was 3.7 g/kg of raw MSW, of which 2.7 and 1.0 g/kg were combustible and incombustible, respectively. The Cl contribution from plastics was 76% and 27% with respect to combustible and incombustible states. The average S content in bulk MSW was 0.81 g/kg of raw MSW, of which 0.46 g/kg was combustible and 0.35 g/kg was incombustible. Combustible S was mainly due to synthetic textiles, while incombustible S was primarily from paper. 相似文献