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排序方式: 共有162条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
Paul Bardos Brian Bone Richard Boyle Dave Ellis Frank Evans Nicola D. Harries Jonathan W. N. Smith 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2011,21(2):77-100
In the past decade, management of historically contaminated land has largely been based on prevention of unacceptable risks to human health and the environment, to ensure a site is “fit for use.” More recently, interest has been shown in including sustainability as a decision‐making criterion. Sustainability concerns include the environmental, social, and economic consequences of risk management activities themselves, and also the opportunities for wider benefit beyond achievement of risk‐reduction goals alone. In the United Kingdom, this interest has led to the formation of a multistakeholder initiative, the UK Sustainable Remediation Forum (SuRF‐UK). This article presents a framework for assessing “sustainable remediation”; describes how it links with the relevant regulatory guidance; reviews the factors considered in sustainability; and looks at the appraisal tools that have been applied to evaluate the wider benefits and impacts of land remediation. The article also describes how the framework relates to recent international developments, including emerging European Union legislation and policy. A large part of this debate has taken place in the “grey” literature, which we review. It is proposed that a practical approach to integrating sustainability within risk‐based contaminated land management offers the possibility of a substantial step forward for the remediation industry, and a new opportunity for international consensus. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
93.
Leat EH Bourgeon S Borgå K Strøm H Hanssen SA Gabrielsen GW Petersen A Olafsdottir K Magnusdottir E Fisk AT Ellis S Bustnes JO Furness RW 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(5):1222-1228
Concentrations of POPs in Great skua eggs from Shetland are among the highest in North Atlantic seabirds, with up to 11,600 μg/kg (ww) DDE and up to 17,900 μg/kg ww ∑PCB. Concentrations of legacy POPs were significantly lower in 2008 than 1980. Decreases were greatest for least persistent compounds. Median ∑PBDEs increased from 99 μg/kg ww in 1980 to 173 μg/kg ww in 2008. There were changes in Great skua breeding season diet, with more adult Herring and Mackerel and less Sandeel. These changes increase exposure to POPs, since Herring and Mackerel accumulate more POPs than Sandeels. In both years, eggs with higher δ15N had higher POP concentrations. In 1980, birds feeding more on demersal discard fish from trawl fisheries and less on Sandeels, had higher POP levels in eggs. In 2008, individuals feeding more on Herring and Mackerel, and less on discards, had higher POP levels in eggs. 相似文献
94.
Leo X. C. Dutra Nick Ellis Pascal Perez Cathy M. Dichmont William de la Mare Fabio Boschetti 《Ambio》2014,43(8):1069-1081
This article analyzes interviews with natural resource managers in South East Queensland (SEQ), Australia. The objectives of the research are (i) to apply and test deductive/inductive text analysis methods for constructing a conceptual model of water quality decision-making in SEQ, (ii) to understand the role of information in the decision-making process, and (iii) to understand how to improve adaptive management in SEQ. Our methodology provided the means to quickly and objectively explore interview data and also reduce potential subjective bias normally associated with deductive text analysis methods. At a more practical level, our methodology indicates potential intervention points if one is to influence the decision-making process in the region. Results indicate that relevant information is often ignored in SEQ, with significant consequences for adaptive management. Contextual factors (political, social, and environmental) together with effective communication or lobbying strategies often prevent evidence-based decisions. We propose that in addition to generating information to support decisions, adaptive management also requires an appraisal of the true character of the decision-making process, which includes how stakeholders interact, what information is relevant and salient to management, and how the available information should be communicated to stakeholders and decision-making bodies.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0537-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献95.
Ellis F. Darley 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):198-199
Leaf injury data from acute and chronic exposure studies of Dare soybean were regressed against the logarithms of exposure time and O3 and SO2 concentrations to develop a new two-pollutant leaf injury model (which explains 88% of the variance) and to calculate the parameters of best fit for this new model and a previously developed one-pollutant model. Using the calculated parameters, the percentage of leaf surface Injured over a growing season by O3, SO2, or both simultaneously was estimated for an ambient air sampling site located 2 miles from a coal burning power plant. For this site, the one- and two-pollutant models predicted that SO2 effects would be negligible If SO2 concentrations never exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 0.50 ppm, averaged over 3 h. However, calculations suggest that O3 may injure up to 24% of Dare soybean leaf surface over a growing season even though the O3 NAAQS of 0.12 ppm, averaged over 1 h, is never exceeded. Because the 3 h SO2 standard is exceeded at very few places, the O3 model is usually sufficient to estimate Dare soybean leaf Injury. Leaf injury is estimated by taking the logarithm of the summation of each daytime hour’s exponentiated O3 concentration (c) measured at an ambient air sampling site over a growing season. This is expressed as: z = -0.0828 + 0.4876 in (Σco3 2.618), where z is the Gaussian transform of percent leaf injury. The methods developed in this paper, using Dare soybean data as an example, may apply to other plants. 相似文献
96.
Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) spiked with the performance reference compound PCB29 were deployed 6.1 m above the sediments of Lake Chelan, Washington, for a period of 27 d, to estimate the dissolved concentrations of 4,4'-DDT, 4,4'-DDE, and 4,4'-DDD. Water concentrations were estimated using methods proposed in 2002 and newer equations published in 2006 to determine how the application of the newer equations affects historical SPMD data that used the older method. The estimated concentrations of DDD, DDE, and DDD calculated using the older method were 1.5-2.9 times higher than the newer method. SPMD estimates from both methods were also compared to dissolved and particulate DDT concentrations measured directly by processing large volumes of water through a large-volume solid-phase extraction device (Infiltrex 300). SPMD estimates of DDD+DDE+DDT (SigmaDDT) using the older and newer methods were lower than Infiltrex concentrations by factors of 1.1 and 2.3, respectively. All measurements of DDT were below the Washington State water quality standards for the protection of human health (0.59 ng l(-1)) and aquatic life (1.0 ng l(-1)). 相似文献
97.
98.
Jean T. Ellis Joseph P. Spruce Roberta A. Swann James C. Smoot Kent W. Hilbert 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2011,15(1):139-149
The purpose of this research is to quantify and assess geospatial land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes in the coastal counties
of Mobile and Baldwin, Alabama using nine Landsat images from 1974–2008. A study-specific classification scheme was devised
comprising upland herbaceous, upland forest, non-woody and woody wetlands, open water, and urban categories. Upland forest
was the most dominant terrestrial cover type. Wetlands averaged 17% and urban averaged 7%. A majority of the urban expansion
occurred between 1974 and 1979 (26%). Thirty-four percent of the 2008 urban areas were upland forest in 1974. Watershed-scale
analysis of Three Mile Creek and D’Olive Bay highlights the temporal and spatial differences of urbanization for watersheds
found within the same region. This study is a Gulf of Mexico Alliance (GOMA) Application Pilot project that uses NASA data
products to benefit coastal environmental managers and community members. Results have led to increased effectiveness of coastal
conservation decision-making, increased understanding of post-hurricane LULC change, continued research on habitat change
impacts, and contributed to timely conservation planning efforts. This study has benefited the development of watershed management
plans by the Mobile Bay National Estuary Program, which is especially important given projected climate change. 相似文献
99.
Ellis C. Becking Ewoud Schuit Sophie M. E. van Baar de Knegt Erik A. Sistermans Lidewij Henneman Mireille N. Bekker Peter G. Scheffer 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(7):838-853
Objective
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature on low fetal fraction (LFF) in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening and the risk of fetal chromosomal aberrations.Method
We searched articles published between January 2010 and May 2021 in PubMed and EMBASE databases. Risk of bias was assessed using QUADAS-2.Results
Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising data of 243,700 singleton pregnancies. Compared to normal fetal fraction, LFF was associated with a higher risk of trisomy 13 (OR 5.99 [3.61–9.95], I 2 of heterogeneity = 0%, n = 22 studies), trisomy 18 (OR 4.46 [3.07–6.47], I 2 = 0%, n = 22 studies), monosomy X (OR 5.88 [2.34–14.78], I 2 = 18%, n = 10 studies), and triploidy (OR 36.39 [9.83–134.68], I 2 = 61%, n = 6 studies), but not trisomy 21 (OR 1.25 [0.76–2.03], I 2 = 36%, n = 23 studies). LFF was also associated with a higher risk of various other types of fetal chromosomal aberrations (OR 4.00 [1.78–9.00], I 2 = 2%, n = 11 studies). Meta-analysis of proportions showed that absolute rates of fetal chromosomal aberrations ranged between 1% and 2% in women with LFF. A limitation of this review is the potential risk of ascertainment bias because of differences in outcome assessment between pregnancies with LFF and those with normal fetal fraction. Heterogeneity in population characteristics or applied technologies across included studies may not have been fully addressed.Conclusion
An LFF test result in cfDNA screening is associated with an increased risk of fetal trisomy 13, trisomy 18, monosomy X, and triploidy, but not trisomy 21. Further research is needed to assess the association between LFF and other specific types of fetal chromosomal aberrations. 相似文献100.