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排序方式: 共有160条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Gary E. Quinton Ronald J. Buchanan David E. Ellis Stephen H. Shoemaker 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》1997,7(4):7-16
DuPont has developed a method to compare, on a consistent economic basis, in situ remediation technologies. The methodology employs a template site with a perchloroethylene plume 1000 ft long by 400 ft wide, and incorporates various aquifer thicknesses and depths. Variables considered in the methodology include duration of the remediation; estimated engineering and flow/transport modeling costs; equipment costs; and operation, maintenance, and monitoring costs. In this article, substrate-enhanced anaerobic bioremediation, intrinsic bioremediation, in situ permeable reactive barriers, and pump-and-treat systems are evalutated. Cost metrics include present cost, cost per pound of contaminant removed, and cost per 1000 gals treated, using a discounted cash-flow analysis. Costs of the remedial alternatives increase starting from intrinsic bioremediation, to substrate-enhanced anaerobic bioremediation, to a biological substrate-enhanced anaerobic barrier, to in situ permeable reactive barriers, to pump-and-treat systems with air stripping and carbon adsorption. 相似文献
92.
Environmental evaluation of subdivision site developments 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
An environmental evaluation was performed at 16 subdivision sites within four communities in east-central Michigan. The primary
objective was to evaluate the fit between environmental ordinances and the physical/environmental conditions to which they
were applied. An environmental response index was developed with indicators to assess water, soil, slope, development density,
roads, vegetation, and ecology. Water-related indicators achieved the highest scores, while soil-related indicators scored
the poorest, with generally poor performance across all indicators. The poor performance indicates there are problems in the
ability of environmental ordinances developed at broader jurisdictional scales (e.g., the state) to address the existing environmental
conditions at smaller geographic scales (subdivisions within communities). Two key problems include the lack of scientific
specificity in the broader state-level ordinances and the lack of local expertise and/or resources to monitor the environment. 相似文献
93.
Sherman R. Ellis Gary W. Levings Lisa F. Carter Steven F. Richey Mary Jo Radell 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1993,29(4):617-646
ABSTRACT: The Rio Grande Valley National Water-Quality Assessment study unit encompasses about 45,700 square miles in Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas upstream from the gaging station Rio Grande at El Paso, Texas, and includes surface-water closed basins east of the Continental Divide in New Mexico, and the San Luis Closed Basin in Colorado. The mean annual precipitation ranges from less than 6 to more than 50 inches; potential evapo-transpiration ranges from less than 35 to more than 80 inches per year. Land use is mainly rangeland, forest land, and cropland. Total irrigated acreage in 1990 was about 914,000 acres and water use was about 3,410,000 acre-feet. Two structural settings are found in the study unit: alluvial basins and bedrock basins. The alluvial basins can have through-flowing surface water or be closed basins. The discussion of streamflow and water quality for the surface-water system is based on four river reaches for the 750 miles of the main stem. The quality of the ground water is affected by both natural process and human activities and by nonpoint and point sources. Nonpoint sources for surface water include agriculture, hydromodification, and mining operations; point sources are mainly discharge from wastewater treatment plants. Nonpoint sources for ground water include agriculture and septic tanks and cesspools; point sources include leaking underground storage tanks, unlined or manure-lined holding ponds used for disposal of dairy wastes, landfills, and mining operations. 相似文献
94.
Leat EH Bourgeon S Borgå K Strøm H Hanssen SA Gabrielsen GW Petersen A Olafsdottir K Magnusdottir E Fisk AT Ellis S Bustnes JO Furness RW 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(5):1222-1228
Concentrations of POPs in Great skua eggs from Shetland are among the highest in North Atlantic seabirds, with up to 11,600 μg/kg (ww) DDE and up to 17,900 μg/kg ww ∑PCB. Concentrations of legacy POPs were significantly lower in 2008 than 1980. Decreases were greatest for least persistent compounds. Median ∑PBDEs increased from 99 μg/kg ww in 1980 to 173 μg/kg ww in 2008. There were changes in Great skua breeding season diet, with more adult Herring and Mackerel and less Sandeel. These changes increase exposure to POPs, since Herring and Mackerel accumulate more POPs than Sandeels. In both years, eggs with higher δ15N had higher POP concentrations. In 1980, birds feeding more on demersal discard fish from trawl fisheries and less on Sandeels, had higher POP levels in eggs. In 2008, individuals feeding more on Herring and Mackerel, and less on discards, had higher POP levels in eggs. 相似文献
95.
Ellis F. Darley 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):198-199
Leaf injury data from acute and chronic exposure studies of Dare soybean were regressed against the logarithms of exposure time and O3 and SO2 concentrations to develop a new two-pollutant leaf injury model (which explains 88% of the variance) and to calculate the parameters of best fit for this new model and a previously developed one-pollutant model. Using the calculated parameters, the percentage of leaf surface Injured over a growing season by O3, SO2, or both simultaneously was estimated for an ambient air sampling site located 2 miles from a coal burning power plant. For this site, the one- and two-pollutant models predicted that SO2 effects would be negligible If SO2 concentrations never exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 0.50 ppm, averaged over 3 h. However, calculations suggest that O3 may injure up to 24% of Dare soybean leaf surface over a growing season even though the O3 NAAQS of 0.12 ppm, averaged over 1 h, is never exceeded. Because the 3 h SO2 standard is exceeded at very few places, the O3 model is usually sufficient to estimate Dare soybean leaf Injury. Leaf injury is estimated by taking the logarithm of the summation of each daytime hour’s exponentiated O3 concentration (c) measured at an ambient air sampling site over a growing season. This is expressed as: z = -0.0828 + 0.4876 in (Σco3 2.618), where z is the Gaussian transform of percent leaf injury. The methods developed in this paper, using Dare soybean data as an example, may apply to other plants. 相似文献
96.
J. Webb T. Misselbrook B. F. Pain J. Crabb S. Ellis 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2001,35(36):6447-6451
Many farms have unroofed concrete yards used by livestock. These concrete yards have received little attention as sources of gaseous emissions. From 1997 to 1999 measurements were made of emissions of ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) from 11 concrete yards used by livestock. A postal survey was carried out to assess the areas of yards on farms in England and Wales to enable the measurements to be scaled up to estimate national emissions. Using the results of this study NH3-N emissions from farm concrete yards were calculated to be ca. 35×103 t annually. This is 13% of the current estimated total NH3-N emission from UK livestock. Concrete yards were an insignificant source of N2O and CH4 which were both <0.01% of current estimates of agricultural emissions. 相似文献
97.
98.
On February 12-15, 2001, more than 200 scientists, engineers, decision makers, and educators participated in a conference on the "Future Directions in Air Quality Research: Ecological, Atmospheric, Regulatory/Policy, and Educational Issues." Important perspectives are summarized from the keynote addresses of noted scientists and educators, as well as managers in government, industry, and public interest groups. Observations and recommendations are provided to stimulate further thought about how to increase opportunities to make greater use of scientific knowledge in air-quality decision making and to ensure that decisions are effective, economically viable, health and ecologically sound, and socially acceptable. Recommendations are given regarding ways in which communications between scientists and policy makers should be structured so as to make appropriate and effective use of scientists and the knowledge they can provide in policy-making fora. 相似文献
99.
Observations were made and quantitative samples of non-canopy kelps were collected, using SCUBA, at 9 subtidal sites off southern Kodiak Island in May, 1976. At a 10th site, only observations were made. The most abundant species in the quadrats were Laminaria dentigera, L. yezoensis, Pleurophycus gardneri, Agarum cribrosum, and Alaria marginata. We found fertile plants of all these species. L. dentigera dominated at all sampled sites except one within a bed of Nereocystis luetkeana, where P. gardneri was dominant. L. yezoensis was dominant at the site which was visited but not sampled. The average wet weight of non-canopy kelps in the 55 samples was 12 kg m-2, and the quadrat range was 2 to 35 kg m-2. The reported ranges of P. gardneri and Alaria marginata are extended westward from Montague Island (147°22W) to Bumble Bay, Kodiak Island (154°43W), where A. marginata was found at a depth of 8.5 m. 相似文献
100.