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31.
Dynamics of local governance in natural resource conservation in the Okavango Delta,Botswana
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There has been a shift in natural resource management worldwide. This paper describes how modern institutions and policies influence management and shape access to and utilization of resources by rural communities in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. It is rooted in the framework of adaptive co‐governance within social‐ecological systems, and employs a critical literature review to analyse access to and use of natural resources in rural Botswana. Prior to the establishment of community‐based natural resource management (CBNRM) in Botswana in 1989, resource governance was dominated by strong traditional institutions that were responsible for natural resource management and decision‐making. Contemporary natural resource governance is characterized by a bureaucratic system that invariably undermines the role of traditional institutions in natural resource governance. Findings indicate that policies and regulatory instruments deny rural communities adequate access to and utilization of resources available within their immediate environment. In spite of an orientation towards an anthropocentric approach to natural resource management (as in the case of CBNRM), the current governance system continues to undermine the inclusion of local resource users as legitimate stakeholders in the decision‐making process. 相似文献
32.
Emmanuel O. Ogunsona Amandine Codou Manjusri Misra Amar K. Mohanty 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(9):3574-3589
Natural fibers are limited in their use as reinforcement to commodity polymers. They cannot be used to reinforce engineering polymers due to their low thermal stability at high processing temperatures. This study presents an approach to successfully reinforce polyamides using a derivative of natural fibers as reinforcement without the effects of thermal degradation during melt processing. Biocarbon from miscanthus fibers was used to reinforce polyamide 6 up to 40 wt%. At 40 wt% filler content, the tensile and flexural strengths increased by 19.6 and 47% respectively in comparison to the neat polyamide. The moduli were also increased by 31.5 and 63.7% respectively. A maximum increase in impact strength of 43.7% was achieved at 20 wt% biocarbon loading. The morphology of the tensile fractured samples showed stretched polyamide ligaments attached to the biocarbon particles, indicating the presence of interaction between filler and matrix. Interestingly, more bonded interfaces were observed between the polyamide and biocarbon particles with increasing biocarbon content possibly stemming from increased biocarbon surfaces with functional groups. These composites show great potential to substitute in part or whole, some particulate filled polyamides currently used in the automotive industry. 相似文献
33.
Peter Leinweber Ulrich Bathmann Uwe Buczko Caroline Douhaire Bettina Eichler-Löbermann Emmanuel Frossard Felix Ekardt Helen Jarvie Inga Krämer Christian Kabbe Bernd Lennartz Per-Erik Mellander Günther Nausch Hisao Ohtake Jens Tränckner 《Ambio》2018,47(1):3-19
This special issue of Ambio compiles a series of contributions made at the 8th International Phosphorus Workshop (IPW8), held in September 2016 in Rostock, Germany. The introducing overview article summarizes major published scientific findings in the time period from IPW7 (2015) until recently, including presentations from IPW8. The P issue was subdivided into four themes along the logical sequence of P utilization in production, environmental, and societal systems: (1) Sufficiency and efficiency of P utilization, especially in animal husbandry and crop production; (2) P recycling: technologies and product applications; (3) P fluxes and cycling in the environment; and (4) P governance. The latter two themes had separate sessions for the first time in the International Phosphorus Workshops series; thus, this overview presents a scene-setting rather than an overview of the latest research for these themes. In summary, this paper details new findings in agricultural and environmental P research, which indicate reduced P inputs, improved management options, and provide translations into governance options for a more sustainable P use. 相似文献
34.
Recent Changes in Stream Flashiness and Flooding,and Effects of Flood Management in North Carolina and Virginia
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Beatriz Mogollón Emmanuel A. Frimpong Andrew B. Hoegh Paul L. Angermeier 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(3):561-577
The southeastern United States has undergone anthropogenic changes in landscape structure, with the potential to increase (e.g., urbanization) and decrease (e.g., reservoir construction) stream flashiness and flooding. Assessment of the outcome of such change can provide insight into the efficacy of current strategies and policies to manage water resources. We (1) examined trends in precipitation, floods, and stream flashiness and (2) assessed the relative influence of land cover and flow‐regulating features (e.g., best management practices and artificial water bodies) on stream flashiness from 1991 to 2013. We found mean annual precipitation decreased, which coincided with decreasing trends in floods. In contrast, stream flashiness, overall, showed an increasing trend during the period of study. However, upon closer examination, 20 watersheds showed stable stream flashiness, whereas 5 increased and 6 decreased in flashiness. Urban watersheds were among those that increased or decreased in flashiness. Watersheds that increased in stream flashiness gained more urban cover, lost more forested cover and had fewer best management practices installed than urban watersheds that decreased in stream flashiness. We found best management practices are more effective than artificial water bodies in regulating flashy floods. Flashiness index is a valuable and straightforward metric to characterize changes in streamflow and help to assess the efficacy of management interventions. 相似文献
35.
Victor F. Olaleye Emmanuel A. Oluyemi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,162(1-4):153-162
Effects of cement flue dust from Ewekoro cement Kilns were monitored at some aquatic receptor locations. High levels of total suspended particulates (TSPs) and atmospheric deposition rates (ADRs) were recorded within the factory compared to ancillary locations outside the factory. The TSP and ADR levels which were location dependent were significantly higher (P?<?0.05) during the dry periods than in the wet season. Irrespective of seasonal variations, the key elements in the emissions were Ca2?+? and Fe2?+?. The concentrations of Zn2?+?, Mn2?+? and Pb?+? which were trace elements were significantly higher (P?<?0.05) in the deposited than in the airborne particulates. The planktonic flora and fauna of the river systems draining the area were poor with 16 phytoplanktonic and nine zooplanktonic species. Numerically, the phytoplanktons were dominated by diatoms (Bacillariophyta) with Synedra sp. being the most abundant species. The zooplanktonic fauna dominated by rotifers had Lecane curvicornis as a regular occurrence in all the three catchment rivers. The physicochemical parameters assayed were significantly higher (P?<?0.05) in the factory effluent discharges than in water samples from each of the catchment rivers. Seasonal variations inclusive, HCO $_{3}^{-}$ , CO $_{3}^{2-}$ , Ca2?+? and Mg2?+? constituted the major ionic component of water samples analysed irrespective of location. Alaguntan River which receives effluents directly from the factory had significantly higher levels (P?<?0.05) of the assayed ions than the other two rivers draining the cement factory catchment areas. 相似文献
36.
Sivanandham Vignesh Hans-Uwe Dahms Kunnampuram Varghese Emmanuel Murugaiah Santhosh Gokul Krishnan Muthukumar Bong-Rae Kim Rathinam Arthur James 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(3):1875-1887
A total of 176 (water and sediment) samples from 22 stations belonging to four different (urban, semi-urban, rural, and holy places) human habitations of Tamil Nadu beaches were collected and analyzed for physiochemical and microbial parameters during 2008–2009. Bacterial counts were two- to tenfold higher in sediments than in water due to strong bacterial aggregations by dynamic flocculation and rich organic content. The elevated bacterial communities during the monsoon explain rainfalls and several other wastes from inlands. Coliform counts drastically increased at holy and urban places due to pilgrimage and other ritual activities. Higher values of the pollution index (PI) ratio (>1) reveals, human fecal pollutions affect the water quality. The averaged PI ratio shows a substantial higher microbial contamination in holy places than in urban areas and the order of decreasing PI ratios observed were: holy places?>?urban areas?>?semi-urban areas?>?rural areas. Correlation and factor analysis proves microbial communities were not related to physicochemical parameters. Principal component analysis indicates 55.32 % of the total variance resulted from human/animal fecal matters and sewage contaminants whereas 19.95 % were related to organic contents and waste materials from the rivers. More than 80 % of the samples showed a higher fecal coliform and Streptococci by crossing the World Health Organization's permissible limits. 相似文献
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38.
Lermi Abdurrahman Sunkari Emmanuel Daanoba 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(10):25080-25092
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Globally, potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are regarded as an important group of pollutants for the wider environment because of their intrinsic... 相似文献
39.
Uche Emmanuel Das Narasingha Bera Pinki 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(5):11913-11925
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Irrespective of the vast array of empirical evaluations pertaining to the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis, both for India and other... 相似文献
40.
Obobisa Emma Serwaa Chen Haibo Boamah Kofi Baah Ayamba Emmanuel Caesar Mensah Claudia Nyarko Amowine Nelson 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(11):13133-13150
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study investigates the dynamic linkage among foreign direct investment, energy consumption, and environmental pollution of China spanning from... 相似文献