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161.
Michael S. Okundamiya Joy O. Emagbetere Emmanuel A. Ogujor 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(5):505-512
This study assessed the performance of six solar radiation models. The objective was to determine the most accurate model for estimating global solar radiation on a horizontal surface in Nigeria. Twenty-two years meteorological data sets collected from the Nigerian Meteorological agency and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for the three regions, covering the entire climatic zones in Nigeria were utilized for calibrating and validating the selected models for Nigeria. The accuracy and applicability of various models were determined for three locations (Abuja, Benin City, and Sokoto), which spread across Nigeria using seven viable statistical indices. This study found that the estimation results of considered models are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level, but their accuracy varies from one location to another. However, the multivariable regression relationship deduced in terms of sunshine ratio, air temperature ratio, maximum air temperature, and cloudiness performs better than other relationships. The multivariable relationship has the least root mean square error and mean absolute bias error, not exceeding 1.0854 and 0.8160 MJ m?2 day?1, respectively, and monthly relative percentage error in the range of ± 12% for the study areas. 相似文献
162.
S. Aalfin Emmanuel Jangyeon Yoo Eok-Jo Kim Jae-Soo Chang Young-In Park 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(11):802-811
Spent coffee grounds (SCG), poultry manure, and agricultural waste-derived biochar were used to manufacture functional composts through microbial bioaugmentation. The highest yield of tomato stalk-based biochar (40.7%) was obtained at 450°C with a surface area of 2.35 m2 g?1. Four pilot-scale composting reactors were established to perform composting for 45 days. The ratios of NH4+–N/NO3?–N, which served as an indicator of compost maturity, indicate rapid, and successful composting via microbial bioaugmentation and biochar amendment. Moreover, germination indices for radish also increased by 14–34% through augmentation and biochar amendment. Microbial diversity was also enhanced in the augmented and biochar-amended composts by 7.1–8.9%, where two species of Sphingobacteriaceae were dominant (29–43%). The scavenging activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were enhanced by 14.1% and 8.6% in the fruits of pepper plants grown in the presence of the TR-2 (augmentation applied only) and TR-3 (both augmentation and biochar amendment applied) composts, respectively. Total phenolic content was also enhanced by 68% in the fruits of the crops grown in TR-3. Moreover, the other compost, TR-L (augmentation applied only), boosted DPPH scavenging activity by 111% in leeks compared with commercial organic fertilizer, while TR-3 increased the phenolic content by 44.8%. Composting facilitated by microbial augmentation and biochar amendment shortened the composting time and enhanced the quality of the functional compost. These results indicate that functional compost has great potential to compete with commercially available organic fertilizers and that the novel composting technology could significantly contribute to the eco-friendly recycling of organic wastes such as spent coffee grounds, poultry manure, and agricultural wastes. 相似文献
163.
Panagiotis Grammelis Emmanuel Kakaras George Skodras 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):1301-1311
Abstract The thermal exploitation of wastewood with Greek lignite was investigated by performing tests in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor, a 1-MWth semi-industrial circulating fluidized bed combustor, and an industrial boiler. Blends of natural wood, demolition wood, railroad sleepers, medium-density fiberboard residues, and power poles with lignite were used, and the co-combustion efficiency and the effect of wastewood addition on the emitted pollutants were investigated. Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen emissions were continuously monitored, and, during the industrial-scale tests, the toxic emissions (polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans and heavy metals) were determined. Ash samples were analyzed for heavy metals in an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy spectrophotometer. Problems were observed during the preparation of wastewood, because species embedded with different compounds, such as railway sleepers and demolition wood, were not easily treated. All wastewood blends were proven good fuels; co-combustion proceeded smoothly and homogeneous temperature and pressure profiles were obtained. Although some fluctuations were observed, low emissions of gaseous pollutants were obtained for all fuel blends. The metal element emissions (in the flue gases and the solid residues) were lower than the legislative limits. Therefore, wastewood co-combustion with lignite can be realized, provided that the fuel handling and preparation can be practically performed in large-scale installations. 相似文献
164.
Priscilla Pareuil Emmanuel Joussein Jean-Claude Bollinger 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1311-1318
A Mn-rich slag sample coming from a pyrometallurgical plant recycling alkaline batteries was submitted to environmental conditions during one year. After crushing, the slag was buried in topsoil and the leachate was periodically collected in order to monitor the leached amounts of metallic elements (ME). Results evidenced a low release of the slag constituents (Mn: < 0.01%). The SEM/EDS investigations did not show alteration features supposing a weak dissolution of the primary phases (tephroite, bustamite and leucite). The modification of the pH induced by the slag enhanced the mobility of soil components and of the organic matter, particularly in the vicinity of the soil/slag contact zone. This suggested that the slag indirectly influenced the ME mobility through the organic matter and colloidal transports. The comparison with a classical laboratory column test evidenced the underestimation of the leached amounts due to the differences of operational conditions. 相似文献
165.
Waste prevention has been addressed in the literature in terms of the social and behavioural aspects, but very little quantitative assessment exists of the environmental benefits. Our study evaluates the environmental consequences of waste prevention on waste management systems and on the wider society, using life-cycle thinking. The partial prevention of unsolicited mail, beverage packaging and food waste is tested for a "High-tech" waste management system relying on high energy and material recovery and for a "Low-tech" waste management system with less recycling and relying on landfilling. Prevention of 13% of the waste mass entering the waste management system generates a reduction of loads and savings in the waste management system for the different impacts categories; 45% net reduction for nutrient enrichment and 12% reduction for global warming potential. When expanding our system and including avoided production incurred by the prevention measures, large savings are observed (15-fold improvement for nutrient enrichment and 2-fold for global warming potential). Prevention of food waste has the highest environmental impact saving. Prevention generates relatively higher overall relative benefit for "Low-tech" systems depending on landfilling. The paper provides clear evidence of the environmental benefits of waste prevention and has specific relevance in climate change mitigation. 相似文献
166.
Sat Gavasa Ana C. Silva Emmanuel Gonzalez Juan Molina Philip K. Stoddard 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(7):1057-1066
Male intrasexual competition and female choice explain the evolution of male ornaments. Except in sex-role-reversed taxa, female ornaments have been regarded as an epiphenomenon of genetic correlation, with no female-specific function or independently selected basis. Females from species with conventional sex roles may still experience some degree of female–female competition and male choice that could explain the persistence of female ornaments. We studied the effect of female competition on the expression of a sexually dimorphic communication signal. In the electric fish Brachyhypopomus gauderio, both sexes produce an electric signal pulse for communication and electrolocation. Male electric pulses are longer in duration and greater in amplitude than those of females. As competition increases, males further enhance their signals in response to elevated androgen levels. We explored whether females respond to social competition as males do, by enhancing their communication signals and increasing androgen levels. We measured amplitude and duration of the electric signal pulse, and testosterone levels in female B. gauderio in their natural habitat in Uruguay and estimated social competition by calculating population density and adult sex ratio (ASR). In the lab, we manipulated ASR and population density independently to separate these factors and eliminate seasonal confounds. Under both field and lab conditions, signal pulse amplitude increased with population density, while pulse duration increased with female bias in ASR. In the field, but not the lab, androgen levels increased when ASR was female biased. Our findings indicate that the socially mediated mechanism of signal regulation is shared by the sexes, although whether androgens regulate this signal plasticity in females remains unclear. 相似文献
167.
Emmanoel V. Silva-Filho Vinicius T. Kütter Thiago S. Figueiredo Emmanuel Tessier Carlos E. Rezende Daniel C. Teixeira Carlos A. Silva Olivier F. X. Donard 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(12):8141-8150
Mercury (Hg) is considered a global pollutant, and the scientific community has shown great concern about its toxicity as it may affect the biota of entire systems, through bioaccumulation and bioamplification processes of its organic form, methylmercury (MeHg), along food web. However, few research studies deal with bioaccumulation of Hg from marine primary producers and the first-order consumers. So, this study aims to determine Hg distribution and concentration levels in phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Cabo Frio Bay, Brazil, a site influenced by coastal upwelling. The results from Hg speciation analyses show that inorganic mercury Hg(II) was the predominant specie in plankton from this bay. The annual Hg species distribution in plankton shown mean concentration of 2.00?±?1.28 ng Hg(II)?g?1 and 0.15?±?0.08 ng MeHg g?1 wet weight (phytoplankton) and 2.5?±?2.03 ng Hg(II)?g?1 and 0.25?±?0.09 ng MeHg g?1 wet weight (zooplankton). Therefore, upwelling zones should be considered in the Hg biogeochemical cycle models as a process that enhances Hg(II) bioaccumulation in plankton, raising its bioavailability and shelf deposition. 相似文献
168.
To determine to what extent dew water is potable without further treatment, a thorough set of chemical and biological analyses were performed on 10 samples of dew water collected on a large scale radiative collector (29.83 m2) in Ajaccio (Corsica Island, France), between 21 May 2002 and 5 Mar. 2003. Samples were collected following four protocols according to the dew volume amount and 48 parameters (ions, minerals, and bacteria) were analyzed and compared to French and European Union legislation and also World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Aluminum and Fe were the main pollutants whose concentrations were significantly larger than recommended. Their presence is due to local deposition of aerosols coming from the Sahara (a characteristic of the Mediterranean basin). A large number of biologically cultivable microorganisms were found, together with bacteria typical of fecal contamination. For dew water to be potable with respect to present legislation at the Ajaccio site, it should be disinfected and treated for turbidity. 相似文献
169.
Program stakeholders are interested in better understanding farmers' experience, and factors that affect farmer participation in the relatively new Environmental Farm Plan (EFP) program, implemented in several provinces in Canada. To increase relevance of the research findings to EFP program administrators and policy makers, the research methods emphasised determining whether relationships exist among program-related variables, and how such relationships affect farmers' decision choices and behaviour. Traditional farmer and farm attributes that have contrasting effects in agricultural innovation adoption and conservation management (namely age, and formal education completed), were not associated with EFP program participation. Farm income, years of farming experience, and type of agribusiness managed were associated with participation in the Nova Scotia EFP program. Although program participants tended to have higher incomes, overall, non-financial considerations dominated monetary considerations in Nova Scotia farmers' reasons for participating in the Nova Scotia EFP. Helping to publicize positive farm stewardship practices was reported as the most important reason for participating in the EFP scheme, followed by its use to help improve relationships with non-farming neighbours, and to comply with government environmental regulations. In contrast, and somewhat a surprising finding, minimizing potential farm environmental risk, program administrators' raison d'être for promoting the NS EFP, was ranked the lowest, with no respondent rating that as a "very important" or "extremely important" reason for participating in the EFP program. 相似文献
170.
Use of fuzzy logic models for prediction of taste and odor compounds in algal bloom-affected inland water bodies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Slawa Bruder Meghna Babbar-Sebens Lenore Tedesco Emmanuel Soyeux 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(3):1525-1545
Mechanistic modeling of how algal species produce metabolites (e.g., taste and odor compounds geosmin and 2-methyl isoborneol (2-MIB)) as a biological response is currently not well understood. However, water managers and water utilities using these reservoirs often need methods for predicting metabolite production, so that appropriate water treatment procedures can be implemented. In this research, a heuristic approach using Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was developed to determine the underlying nonlinear and uncertain quantitative relationship between observed cyanobacterial metabolites (2-MIB and geosmin), various algal species, and physical and chemical variables. The model is proposed to be used in conjunction with numerical water quality models that can predict spatial–temporal distribution of flows, velocities, water quality parameters, and algal functional groups. The coupling of the proposed metabolite model with the numerical water quality models would assist various utilities which use mechanistic water quality models to also be able to predict distribution of taste and odor metabolites, especially when monitoring of metabolites is limited. The proposed metabolite model was developed and tested for the Eagle Creek Reservoir in Indiana (USA) using observations over a 3-year period (2008–2010). Results show that the developed models performed well for geosmin (R 2?=?0.83 for all training data and R 2?=?0.78 for validation of all 10 data points in the validation dataset) and reasonably well for the 2-MIB (R 2?=?0.82 for all training data and R 2?=?0.70 for 7 out of 10 data points in the validation dataset). 相似文献