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51.
This study was designed to evaluate the impact of sewage sludge spreading on tropical soilborne heavy metal speciation. Sludgeborne heavy metal speciation was also assessed, and the potential mobility of the elements was classified as follows: Zn>Ni>Cu approximately Cr. Two sequential extraction procedures were applied to study Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn speciation in control soils and sludge-amended soils. We demonstrated that sewage sludge spreading over a 2-year period did not have an impact on soilborne heavy metal concentrations but affected speciation of the most mobile fractions of Ni and Zn. Both protocols were consistent for the organic matter fractions, with an increase in Cu, Zn and Cr concentrations in the amended soil as compared to the control soil. In addition, we highlighted that the two protocols characterized different pools of organic matter and that organic compounds remained in the solid matrix after extraction. With respect to the reducible fraction, completely opposite results were obtained with the two protocols and the solid residue study revealed that the two schemes were ineffective in characterizing iron and manganese fractions. 相似文献
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Christelle Morel Journel Fran ois Duchene Thierry Coanus Emmanuel Martinais 《Local Environment》2003,8(6):615-626
The paper will draw on the experience of Greater Lyons (France) in the development and implementation of air quality indicators in the framework of an environmental monitoring body, created in 1992. The analysis shows a patent discrepancy between the strength of the political support enjoyed by the monitoring body at its creation and its gradual confinement within the administrative structure of Greater Lyons. In fact, developing and using indicators raises not only technical issues but also political and bureaucratic stakes. The experience provides food for thought as regards the emergence of sustainable development issues within large and complex structures such as that of Greater Lyons. The paper points out that if indicators are hybrid objects, monitoring bodies, which are supposed to devise and promote them, are hybrid as well: their management, in terms of aims, means and position within the administrative body, is at least as important as their so-called 'technical' function. 相似文献
54.
Quénéa Katell Andrianjara Iry Rankovic Aleksandar Gan Erika Aubry Emmanuel Lata Jean-Christophe Barot Sébastien Castrec-Rouelle Maryse 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(10):9785-9795
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the actual increasing interest for urban soils, the evaluation of soil contamination by trace elements and the dynamics of this contamination... 相似文献
55.
Quentin?Rendu Emmanuel?MignotEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Nicolas?Riviere Barbara?Lamberti-Raverot Sara?Puijalon Florence?Piola 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2017,17(5):1051-1065
Seed and fruit dispersal along watercourses favours the long-distance migration of invasive species, not only for aquatic or wetland species, but also for terrestrial wind-dispersed plants, like the Japanese knotweed. The present paper aims at investigating the role of watercourses in the dispersal of the knotweed due to its frequent occurrence on riverbanks and production of fertile achenes (type of fruit of the Japanese knotweed). This dispersal occurs along two steps after the fruits deposit on the water surface: floatation first and then sinking towards the bottom of the watercourse. Regarding the first step, the effects of agitation of the water, temperature, surface tension and luminosity on the achenes floatability are experimentally studied. While no influence of luminosity is observed, an increase of temperature greatly decreases the floating time. Floating time also decreases as the contact between water and the fruit is enhanced (through submersion of achenes, agitation of the water or lower surface tension). Regarding the second step, the fall velocity of the fruits in water at rest is measured and appears to be independent of the seed history (floating time). 3D helical motions are systematically observed with constant tangential velocity with respect to the falling velocity. The trajectory of the fruits in a shear flow is then measured and the evolution of their velocity components along the sinking process is discussed. Finally, the contribution of both steps to the long-distance migration of the seeds is estimated. 相似文献
56.
Transitioning to renewable energy has become a global phenomenon. Attempts to explain development patterns are often fragmented, focusing on specific rationale for (un)successful deployment or the perspective of specific stakeholders. We recognize the importance for holistic insights for successful and effective environmental policy-making and planning in the context of renewable energy development. Using wind energy as an example, this paper provides methodological toolkits for utilizing content analysis (CA) to gain more holistic insights on renewable energy deployment and policy outcomes. Building on existing literature, past and ongoing research, three variations of CA are presented for understanding stakeholder conflicts surrounding wind energy development as well as public perceptions and responses to the technology across space and over time. Although newspapers are used as an example, these methodological protocols could be applied to diverse forms of data such as interviews, policy documents, reports, public meetings and letters of appeal. 相似文献
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de Abreu Íthalo Barbosa Silva de Sousa Maria Helena da Silva Andressa Pereira de Araújo Padilha Carlos Eduardo Sales Aldo Torres da Silva Antonio Samuel Alves Dutra Emmanuel Damilano Menezes Rômulo Simões Cezar 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(3):1309-1324
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The use of food waste (FW) for the production of biofuels and value-added compounds is growing worldwide. However, the significant chemical... 相似文献
59.
Forestry is a productive sector with significant effects on meeting national socio-economic and environmental functions as
well as the improvement of rural livelihoods. Non-wood forest products (NWFPs) in particular have been widely advocated by
conservation and development organisations as potential alternative livelihood strategies, particularly among vulnerable forest
dependant households. Like in most tropical countries, NWFPs are relevant in the sustainable development of Kenya that is
particularly endowed with important forest resources. Kenya hosts about 17 million ha of forested land (about 3.51% of the
total Sub-Saharan Africa forest cover by 2000), of which about 16,865,000 ha is under natural forest (EarthTrends: Forests,
grasslands and drylands, 2003). Outside the gazetted forests, there are other large tracks of forests in trust lands, including
national parks and reserves, hill forest reserves and privately owned lands covering about 0.5 million ha (Kenya’s forest
resource assessment in the EC-FAO Partnership Programme Report, 2000; The Kenya Forests Act, 2005). Woodlands, bushlands and
wooded grasslands, mainly found in the arid and semi-arid lands cover 37.6 million ha, while forest plantations (started in
1946) cover about 170,000 ha of land (The Kenya forestry master plan, 1994–2020, 1994). In most NWFPs endowed regions of the
country however, this socio-economic and environmental potential is still unrealized. We illustrate the latter by a case study
of NWFPs use and management in four villages in Mbooni Division of Makueni District, Kenya. The division was chosen because
of its relatively high NWFPs availability, particularly from South Mbooni forest that is located at a distance less than 5 km
for an estimated 80% of the interviewed households. Data used for the analysis was collected through a fieldwork survey carried
out on women (35+ years) in August, 2005. One hundred and sixty (160) NWFPs are harvested (from plant and animal species)
and used mainly for food, income generation (supplemental) and medicinal purposes. A number of challenges limit women’s enjoyment
of the full benefits from NWFPs exploitation, the overriding problem being their inadequacy (in quantity and/or quality).
In this paper we discuss these commonly utilized and managed NWFPs plant species in Mbooni and their potential contribution
to improved livelihoods and sustainable development in Mbooni, Kenya and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in general. 相似文献
60.
A simple urban dispersion model is tested that is based on the Gaussian plume model and modifications to the Briggs urban dispersion curves. An initial dispersion coefficient (σo) of 40 m is assumed to apply in built-up downtown areas, and the stability is assumed to be slightly unstable during the day and slightly stable during the night. Observations from tracer experiments during the Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) field study in Oklahoma City and the Madison Square Garden 2005 (MSG05) field study in Manhattan are used for model testing. The tracer SF6 was released during JU2003 near ground level in the downtown area and concentrations were observed at over 100 locations within 4 km from the source. Six perfluorocarbon tracer (PFT) gases were released near ground level during MSG05 and sampled by about 20 samplers at the surface and on building roofs. The evaluations compare concentrations normalized by source release rate, C/Q, for each sampler location and each tracer release, where data were used only if both the observed and predicted concentrations exceeded threshold levels. At JU2003, for all samplers and release times, the fractional mean bias (FB) is about 0.2 during the day (20% mean underprediction) and 0.0 during the night. About 45 –50% of the predictions are within a factor of two (FAC2) of the observations day and night at JU2003. The maximum observed C/Q is about two times the maximum predicted C/Q both day and night. At MSG05, for all PFTs, surface samplers, and release times, FB is 0.14 and FAC2 is about 45%. The overall 60 min-averaged maximum C/Q is underpredicted by about 40% for the surface samplers and is overpredicted by about 25% for the building-roof samplers. 相似文献