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91.
92.
Mutamba E 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2004,99(1-3):105-113
In the developing world, the term ‘participation’ has in recent years become a household word in the same way that ‘democracy’
or ‘gender’ have. Development agencies are demanding increased participation in their programmes. The use of the word or its
application has become a centre of debate. Due to the difficulties involved in measuring ‘participation’ or indeed determining
levels at which participation should take place, who participates and when, many ‘doubting Thomases’ have questioned its effectiveness.
It has, however been acknowledged in many areas that popular participation changes policies and enhances management and governance.
In complex issues of natural resources management, participatory techniques have helped communities develop collective responsibilities
towards management of their resources and projects. This paper discusses the complexities of community participation in natural
resources management, ranging from interrelations among stakeholders to resource ownership based on the experiences in the
Kasanka Game Management Area (KGMA).
Lessons learnt from the Kasanka Game Management Area (GMA) communities, Serenje district, Zambia 相似文献
93.
Balakrishnan Akash Appunni Sowmya Chinthala Mahendra Jacob Meenu Mariam Vo Dai-Viet N. Reddy Soreddy Sainath Kunnel Emmanuel Sebastian 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(3):1881-1905
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Water contamination is increasing worldwide, yet actual methods of water and wastewater treatment are limited, in particular by actual fossil-fuel derived... 相似文献
94.
Matthew R. Gilg M. Camila Restrepo Ronald Walton Pamela M. Brannock Thomas J. Hilbish Emmanuel Rodriguez 《Marine Biology》2013,160(7):1737-1750
Divergence at gamete recognition loci is hypothesized to result in speciation in broadcast spawning invertebrates. Many gamete recognition loci evolve quickly and show patterns of positive selection, yet the advantage of divergence is rarely known. M7 lysin is a sperm protein in the Mytilus edulis species complex that shows evidence of adaptive evolution. This locus is polymorphic with two distinct clades within Mytilus galloprovincialis, one of which, the D clade, shows the strongest signal of positive selection. We tested whether the geographic patterns in allele frequency were consistent with the hypothesis that positive selection on D clade alleles (G D ) was due to reinforcement. Populations of M. edulis showed little evidence of introgression of G D alleles, but there was no consistent evidence of reproductive character displacement. The lack of consistent patterns expected of reinforcement suggests that another mechanism is likely responsible for the adaptive divergence of M7 lysin. 相似文献
95.
Julien Lusilao-Makiese Emmanuel Tessier David Amouroux Hlanganani Tutu Luke Chimuka 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(9):1688-1706
Total mercury (HgTOT) concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) for South African Highveld coals. The distribution of Hg in coals was investigated using a four-stage sequential leaching protocol and isotope dilution/gas chromatography coupled to ICP MS (ID-GC-ICP MS). The results show that HgTOT ranged from 144 to 303?µg?kg?1 with a mean of 199?±?26?µg?kg?1, while HgTOT leached from coals using different solvents ranged between 103 and 310?µg?kg?1 (mean: 218?±?60?µg?kg?1). Hg leaching rates of 53–78% were achieved in crushed coals. Hg0, Hg2+, and CH3Hg+ were identified in all coals. CH3Hg+ in studied coals ranged between 0.1 and 0.4 (mean: 0.2) µg?kg?1. GC ICP MS chromatograms also showed unknown Hg peaks which were identified as other organomercury species such as ethylmercury. Modes of occurrence of Hg in coals were variable with the organic-bound (37–40%) and the sulfide-bound (37–39%) being the dominant mercury forms. Increasing the HCl concentration in the used protocol increased the amount of Hg leached (16%) during this step. 相似文献
96.
Florence Mouchet Christian Gancet Emmanuel Flahaut Eric Pinelli Jean–Charles Boutonnet Laury Gauthier 《毒物与环境化学》2016,98(8):829-847
The classical approach in ecotoxicological evaluation of chemical substances consists of conducting standardized bioassays on organism models. In this work, the potential impact of industrial multi-walled carbon nanotubes was investigated by ecotoxicological standardized procedures using aquatic organisms of different trophic levels, namely bacteria, green algae, invertebrates, fish, and amphibians. The results indicated (1) inhibition of growth in amphibians at 50 mg L?1 and higher, and (2) no effects on daphnia and fish up to 100 mg L?1. With the exception of algae (for which Fe deficiency is measured), it seems that the observed toxicity may be due to physiological effects in relation to the ingestion of carbon nanotubes not necessarily related to their intrinsic effects. 相似文献
97.
Julien Dron Aude Ratier Annabelle Austruy Gautier Revenko Florence Chaspoul Emmanuel Wafo 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(11):193-205
The bioaccumulation of PAHs and metal elements in the indigenous lichens Xanthoria parietina was monitored during two years at a quarterly frequency, in 3 sites of contrasted anthropic influence. The impact of the meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed) was first estimated through principal component analysis, and then by stepwise multilinear regressions to include wind directions. The pollutants levels reflected the proximity of atmospheric emissions, in particular from a large industrial harbor. High humidity and mild temperatures, and in a lower extent low wind speed and rainfall, also favored higher concentration levels. The contributions of these meteorological aspects became minor when including wind direction, especially when approaching major emission sources. The bioaccumulation integration time towards meteorological variations was on a seasonal basis (1–2 months) but the wind direction and thus local emissions also relied on a longer time scale (12 months). This showed that the contribution of meteorological conditions may be prevalent in remote places, while secondary in polluted areas, and should be definitely taken into account regarding long-term lichen biomonitoring and inter-annual comparisons. In the same time, a quadruple sampling in each site revealed a high homogeneity among supporting tree species and topography. The resulting uncertainty, including sampling, preparation and analysis was below 30% when comfortable analytical conditions were achieved. Finally, the occurrence of unexpected events such as a major forest fire, permitted to evaluate that this type of short, although intense, events did not have a strong influence on PAH and metals bioaccumulation by lichen. 相似文献
98.
99.
100.
Bigorgne E Foucaud L Lapied E Labille J Botta C Sirguey C Falla J Rose J Joner EJ Rodius F Nahmani J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2698-2705
The increasing production of nanomaterials will in turn increase the release of nanosized byproducts to the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behaviour, uptake and ecotoxicity of TiO2 byproducts in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Worms were exposed to suspensions containing 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/L of byproducts for 24 h. Size of TiO2 byproducts showed aggregation of particles up to 700 μm with laser diffraction. Only worms exposed at 10 mg/L showed bioaccumulation of titanium (ICP-AES), increasing expression of metallothionein and superoxide dismutase mRNA (Real-time PCR) and induction of apoptotic activity (Apostain and TUNEL). TiO2 byproducts did not induce cytotoxicity on cœlomocytes, but a significant decrease of phagocytosis was observed starting from 0.1 mg/L. In conclusion, bioaccumulation of byproducts and their production of reactive oxygen species could be responsible for the alteration of the antioxidant system in worms. 相似文献