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461.
François Zimmermann Marie-Thérèse Lecler Frédéric Clerc Alain Chollot Eric Silvente Jérome Grosjean 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(7):1257-1263
The fluorescent lamp recycling sector is growing considerably in Europe due to increasingly strict regulations aimed at inciting the consumption of low energy light bulbs and their end-of-life management. Chemical risks were assessed in fluorescent lamp recycling facilities by field measurement surveys in France, highlighting that occupational exposure and pollutant levels in the working environment were correlated with the main recycling steps and processes.The mean levels of worker exposure are 4.4 mg/m3, 15.4 μg/m3, 14.0 μg/m3, 247.6 μg/m3, respectively, for total inhalable dust, mercury, lead and yttrium. The mean levels of airborne pollutants are 3.1 mg/m3, 9.0 μg/m3, 9.0 μg/m3, 219.2 μg/m3, respectively, for total inhalable dust, mercury, lead and yttrium. The ranges are very wide. Surface samples from employees’ skin and granulometric analysis were also carried out. The overview shows that all the stages and processes involved in lamp recycling are concerned by the risk of hazardous substances penetrating into the bodies of employees, although exposure of the latter varies depending on the processes and tasks they perform. The conclusion of this study strongly recommends the development of a new generation of processes in parallel with more information sharing and regulatory measures. 相似文献
462.
Jeffrey M. Peterson Marcellus M. Caldas Jason S. Bergtold Belinda S. Sturm Russell W. Graves Dietrich Earnhart Eric A. Hanley J. Christopher Brown 《Environmental management》2014,53(1):55-66
Many economic processes are intertwined with landscape change. A large number of individual economic decisions shape the landscape, and in turn the changes in the landscape shape economic decisions. This article describes key research questions about the economics of landscape change and reviews the state of research knowledge. The rich and varied economic–landscape interactions are an active area of research by economists, geographers, and others. Because the interactions are numerous and complex, disentangling the causal relationships in any given landscape system is a formidable research challenge. Limited data with mismatched temporal and spatial scales present further obstacles. Nevertheless, the growing body of economic research on these topics is advancing and shares fundamental challenges, as well as data and methods, with work in other disciplines. 相似文献
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Jiyoung Ahn Ryan Okerlund Andrew Fry Eric G. Eddings 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2011
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of increased oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration on the formation of sulfur trioxide during oxy-coal combustion in two different types of pilot-scale furnaces: a pulverized-coal and a circulating-fluidized-bed-fired system.For pulverized-coal (PC) testing, concentrations of SO3 and SO2 were significantly higher for oxy-fired conditions as compared to air-fired conditions. For a high-sulfur Illinois bituminous coal, SO3 concentrations were 4–6 times greater on average. When firing a low-sulfur Utah Bituminous coal, SO3 concentrations were similar for oxy-firing vs. air-firing, and the overall levels were very low compared to the Illinois coal, consistent with differences in the fuel sulfur contents. PC-fired emissions on a normalized mass basis (mass SO3 per unit energy input) indicated higher SO3 emissions under air-fired conditions vs. oxy-firing, for both the Illinois and Utah coals.Circulating fluidized bed testing was also carried out using the low-sulfur Utah coal, and SO3 concentrations were notably higher for oxy-firing vs. air-firing, in contrast to the similar concentration levels observed for PC-firing. When compared on a normalized mass basis, the emissions were similar for both air- and oxy-firing, which is also in contrast to the PC-fired results for this coal. 相似文献
466.
Conservation organizations seeking to reduce over-fishing and promote better fishing practices have increasingly turned to market-based mechanisms such as environmental sustainability labels (eco-labels) in order to shift patterns of household consumption. This paper presents an analysis of consumer response to an advisory for sustainable seafood adopted by a regional supermarket in the United States. The advisory consisted of a label in which one of three traffic light colors was placed on each fresh seafood product to inform consumers about its relative environmental sustainability. Green meant “best” choice, yellow meant “proceed with caution,” and red meant “worst choice”. Using a unique product-level panel scanner data set of weekly sales and taking advantage of the random phase-in of the advisory by the retailer, we apply a difference-in-differences identification strategy to estimate the effect of the advisory on overall seafood sales as well as the heterogeneous impact of the advisory by label color and whether the seafood met additional health-related criteria. We find evidence that the advisory led to a statistically significant 15.3% decline in overall seafood sales, a statistically significant 34.9% decline in the sale of yellow labeled seafood, and a statistically significant 41.3% decline in the sale of yellow labeled seafood on a mercury safe list. We find no statistically significant difference in sales of green or red labeled seafood. 相似文献
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The controversial family Adapisoriculidae, a group of shrew-sized Paleocene mammals, had proposed relationships with insectivores,
marsupials and more recently to plesiadapiforms. Adapisoriculid remains are numerous in the early Paleocene locality of Hainin,
Belgium, and allow us a test of these different phylogenetic hypotheses. Here, we identify the first tarsal bones of adapisoriculid
mammals. The highly specialised bones indicate an arboreal mode of life with euarchontan affinity. Moreover, the tarsal bones
are morphologically very close to those of the late Cretaceous Deccanolestes from the Deccan intertrappean beds of India, and also share several characters with the Paleocene plesiadapiforms and the
extant cynocephalid dermopterans. The adapisoriculid affinities of Deccanolestes are also confirmed by tooth morphology, indicating that Deccanolestes is a primitive member of this family. These phylogenetic affinities suggest a paleobiogeographic scenario for the family
with dispersal either via East Africa or across the Tethys area. 相似文献
470.
Eduardo A. Pedace Eric B. Sansone 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(5):348-351
Experimental relationships between the mass concentration of suspended particulate matter and the optical density of particulates collected on paper tape have been determined for the atmospheric aerosol and for aerosols of constant optical properties. Simultaneous samples were obtained on membrane filters (for gravimetric analysis) and on Whatman No. 4 paper tape (for optical evaluation). Sampling procedures were adopted which ensured that the efficiency of sampling was the same in both cases. Consistent relationships between mass concentrations of suspended particulate matter and optical density expressed in terms of per cent transmittance or per cent reflectance were found for dispersions of coal, limestone, fly ash, and a coal-limestone mixture. For atmospheric aerosol samples collected on the roof of the Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, the relationship between mass concentration and per cent transmittance or per cent reflectance was found to be linear over the range of values observed. The correlation coefficients were ?0.93 (for concentration versus per cent transmittance) and ?0.89 (for concentration versus per cent reflectance). 相似文献