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排序方式: 共有993条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
881.
Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood has been used for more than 50 years. Recent attention has been focused on appropriate disposal of CCA-treated wood when its service life ends. Groups in the US and Europe concerned with the possibility of arsenic migration to groundwater from disposed CCA-treated wood have proposed that consumers be required to dispose of the wood as a hazardous waste, in the most protective of landfills. We examined available data for evidence of arsenic migration from unlined construction and demolition (C&D) debris landfills in Florida, where CCA-treated wood is disposed. Florida was chosen because soil, groundwater, landfill design, weather, and levels of CCA-treated wood use make the state a uniquely sensitive indicator for observing arsenic migration from CCA-treated wood disposal sites, should it occur. We developed and quality-checked a CCA-treated wood disposal model to estimate the amount of wood and associated arsenic disposed. By 2000, an estimated 13 million kg of arsenic in CCA-treated wood was disposed in Florida; however, groundwater monitoring data do not indicate that arsenic is migrating from unlined C&D landfills. Our results provide evidence that highly stringent regulation of CCA-treated wood disposal, such as treatment as a hazardous waste, is unnecessary. 相似文献
882.
Sage M Coeurdassier M Defaut R Lucot E Barbier B Rieffel D Berny P Giraudoux P 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,148(1):372-379
We aimed to evaluate whether environmental factors affect the persistence of bromadiolone in baits in field treatment. Baits were distributed in three soils according to two types of distribution: (1) artificial galleries conform to agricultural practices; (2) storage cavities to mimic bait storage by voles. Persistence was evaluated for 30 days in galleries and 80 days in storage cavities in autumn and spring. The decrease of bromadiolone concentrations was described by a first-order kinetic model. In galleries, the half-lives ranged from 3.0 to 5.1 days in autumn and from 5.4 to 6.2 days in spring. The half-lives were similar between soils and seasons but the pattern of persistence differed lightly for two soils between seasons. Half-lives in storage cavities, 42.7 and 24.6 days in autumn and spring respectively, were longer than in galleries. To conclude, both soil characteristics and climatic conditions weakly influence persistence, while bait storage lengthens it dramatically. 相似文献
883.
Fujita EM Campbell DE Arnott WP Chow JC Zielinska B 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(6):721-740
The US. Department of Energy Gasoline/Diesel PM Split Study was conducted to assess the sources of uncertainties in using an organic compound-based chemical mass balance receptor model to quantify the relative contributions of emissions from gasoline (or spark ignition [SI]) and diesel (or compression ignition [CI]) engines to ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in California's South Coast Air Basin (SOCAB). In this study, several groups worked cooperatively on source and ambient sample collection and quality assurance aspects of the study but worked independently to perform chemical analysis and source apportionment. Ambient sampling included daily 24-hr PM2.5 samples at two air quality-monitoring stations, several regional urban locations, and along freeway routes and surface streets with varying proportions of automobile and truck traffic. Diesel exhaust was the dominant source of total carbon (TC) and elemental carbon (EC) at the Azusa and downtown Los Angeles, CA, monitoring sites, but samples from the central part of the air basin showed nearly equal apportionments of CI and SI. CI apportionments to TC were mainly dependent on EC, which was sensitive to the analytical method used. Weekday contributions of CI exhaust were higher for Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE; 41+/-3.7%) than Speciation Trends Network (32+/-2.4%). EC had little effect on SI apportionment. SI apportionments were most sensitive to higher molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (indeno[123-cd]pyrene, benzo(ghi)perylene, and coronene) and several steranes and hopanes, which were associated mainly with high emitters. Apportionments were also sensitive to choice of source profiles. CI contributions varied from 30% to 60% of TC when using individual source profiles rather than the composites used in the final apportionments. The apportionment of SI vehicles varied from 1% to 12% of TC depending on the specific profile that was used. Up to 70% of organic carbon (OC) in the ambient samples collected at the two fixed monitoring sites could not be apportioned to directly emitted PM emissions. 相似文献
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Mathieu Muller Julie Jimenez Maxime Antonini Yves Dudal Eric Latrille Fabien Vedrenne Jean-Philippe Steyer Dominique Patureau 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(12):2572-2580
The design and management of anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge (SS) require a relevant characterisation of the sludge organic matter (OM). Methods currently used are time-consuming and often insufficiently informative. A new method combining chemical sequential extractions (CSE) with 3D fluorescence spectroscopy was developed to provide a relevant SS characterisation to assess both OM bioaccessibility and complexity which govern SS biodegradability. CSE fractionates the sludge OM into 5 compartments of decreasing accessibility. First applied on three SS samples with different OM stability, fractionation profiles obtained were in accordance with the latter. 3D fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the bioaccessible compartments were mainly constituted of simple and easily biodegradable OM while the unaccessible ones were largely made of complex and refractory OM. Then, primary, secondary and anaerobically digested sludge with different biodegradabilities were tested. Complexity revealed by 3D fluorescence spectroscopy was linked with biodegradability and chemical accessibility was correlated with sludge bioaccessibility. 相似文献
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Regional Environmental Change - Over the past decade, climate change adaptation has become an integral item on the climate policy agendas of several European countries. As such, researchers have... 相似文献
889.
The United Nations Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 is a key initiative within global efforts to halt and eventually reverse the loss of biodiversity. The very first target of this plan states that “by 2020, at the latest, people are aware of the values of biodiversity and the steps they can take to conserve and use it sustainably.” Zoos and aquariums worldwide, attracting more than 700 million visits every year, could potentially make a positive contribution to this target. However, a global evaluation of the educational impacts of visits to zoos and aquariums is entirely lacking in the existing literature. To address this gap, we conducted a large‐scale impact evaluation study. We used a pre‐ and postvisit repeated‐measures survey design to evaluate biodiversity literacy—understanding of biodiversity and knowledge of actions to help protect it—of zoo and aquarium visitors worldwide. Ours was the largest and most international study of zoo and aquarium visitors ever conducted. In total, 5661 visitors to 26 zoos and aquariums from 19 countries around the globe participated in the study. Aggregate biodiversity understanding and knowledge of actions to help protect biodiversity both significantly increased over the course of zoo and aquarium visits. There was an increase from previsit (69.8%) to postvisit (75.1%) in respondents demonstrating at least some positive evidence of biodiversity understanding. Similarly, there was an increase from previsit (50.5%) to postvisit (58.8%) in respondents who could identify actions to help protect biodiversity that could be achieved at an individual level. Our results are the most compelling evidence to date that zoo and aquarium visits contribute to increasing the number of people who understand biodiversity and know actions they can take to help protect biodiversity. Evaluación de la Contribución de los Acuarios y Zoológicos al Objetivo 1 de Biodiversidad de Aichi 相似文献
890.
Environmental Management - China’s urban explosion has resulted in a substantial loss of agricultural production on the fringes of many cities. Farmland is not only converted into urban uses... 相似文献