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排序方式: 共有230条查询结果,搜索用时 609 毫秒
71.
Tilbury KL Stein JE Krone CA Brownell RL Blokhin SA Bolton JL Ernest DW 《Chemosphere》2002,47(6):555-564
Gray whales are coastal migratory baleen whales that are benthic feeders. Most of their feeding takes place in the northern Pacific Ocean with opportunistic feeding taking place during their migrations and residence on the breeding grounds. The concentrations of organochlorines and trace elements were determined in tissues and stomach contents of juvenile gray whales that were taken on their Arctic feeding grounds in the western Bering Sea during a Russian subsistence harvest. These concentrations were compared to previously published data for contaminants in gray whales that stranded along the west coast of the US during their northbound migration. Feeding in coastal waters during their migrations may present a risk of exposure to toxic chemicals in some regions. The mean concentration (standard error of the mean, SEM) of sigmaPCBs [1400 (130) ng/g, lipid weight] in the blubber of juvenile subsistence whales was significantly lower than the mean level [27,000 (11,000) ng/g, lipid weight] reported previously in juvenile gray whales that stranded in waters off the west coast of the US. Aluminum in stomach contents of the subsistence whales was high compared to other marine mammal species, which is consistent with the ingestion of sediment during feeding. Furthermore, the concentrations of potentially toxic chemicals in tissues were relatively low when compared to the concentrations in tissues of other marine mammals feeding at higher trophic levels. These chemical contaminant data for the subsistence gray whales substantially increase the information available for presumably healthy animals. 相似文献
72.
The feasibility of applying the up-flow anaerobicsludge blanket (UASB) treatment for poultry waste (faeces)water was examined. A continuous-flow UASB pilot scalereactor of 3.50 L capacity using mixed culture was operatedfor 95 days to assess the treatability of poultry waste-water and its methane production. The maximum chemicaloxygen demand (COD) removed was found to be 78% whenorganic loading rate (OLR) was 2.9 kg COD m-3 day-1 athydraulic retention times (HRT) of 13.2 hr. The averagebiogas recovery was 0.26 m3 CH4 kg COD with an averagemethane content of 57% at mean temperature of 30 °C.Data indicate more rapid methanogenesis with higher loadingrates and shorter hydraulic retention times. At feedconcentration of 4.8 kg COD m-3 day-1, anaerobic digestionwas severely retarded at all hydraulic retention timetested. This complication in the reactor operations may belinked to build-up of colloidal solids often associated withpoultry waste water and ammonia toxicity. Isolates fromgranular sludge and effluent were found to be facultativeanaerobes most of which were Pseudomonas genera. 相似文献
73.
Che Azmi Nor Azizah Mohd Apandi Nazirah A. Rashid Ahmad Safuan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(14):16948-16961
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Peat fires in tropical peatland release a substantial amount of carbon into the environment and cause significant harm to peatlands and the ecology,... 相似文献
74.
More than a decade after the 1997 Red River Flood, vulnerability to future flooding exists due to a lack of risk communication. This study identifies risk communication gaps and discusses the creation of strategies to enhance information-sharing, bottom-up activity and partnership development. The objectives were achieved using mixed methods, including interviews, a floodplain-wide survey, and a decision-makers' risk management workshop. The results highlight a number of external pressures exerted by regional floodplain policies and procedures that restrict risk communication and affect social vulnerability in the rural floodplain. The failures of a top-down approach to floodplain management have impacted on communities' abilities to address floodplain risks, have amplified local risks, and have decreased community cooperation in floodplain management initiatives since the 1997 'Flood of the Century'. Recommended policies promote the establishment of community standards to compensate for gaps in risk communication and the development of partnerships between floodplain communities. 相似文献
75.
Sugimoto JD Labrique AB Ahmad S Rashid M Shamim AA Ullah B Klemm RD Christian P West KP 《Disasters》2011,35(2):329-345
The epidemiology of tornado-related disasters in the developing world is poorly understood. An August 2005 post-tornado cohort study in rural Bangladesh identified elevated levels of death and injury among the elderly (≥ 60 years of age) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 8.9 (95 per cent confidence interval (CI): 3.9-20.2) and AOR = 1.6 (95 per cent CI: 1.4-1.8), respectively), as compared to 15-24 year-olds, and among those outdoors versus indoors during the tornado (AOR = 10.4 (95 per cent CI: 5.5-19.9) and AOR = 6.6 (95 per cent CI: 5.8-7.5), respectively). Females were 1.24 times (95 per cent CI: 1.15-1.33) more likely to be injured than males. Elevated risk of injury was significantly associated with structural damage to the house and tin construction materials. Seeking treatment was protective against death among the injured, odds ratio = 0.08 (95 per cent CI: 0.03-0.21). Further research is needed to develop injury prevention strategies and to address disparities in risk between age groups and between men and women. 相似文献
76.
In 1992, Eaton Corporation, a major manufacturer of vehicle components and electrical and electronic controls, implemented a fast-track remediation method to expedite the installation of a groundwater recovery and treatment system to contain and mitigate a chlorinated solvent plume at an industrial site. This dual-track method included fast-track and turnkey project management techniques. Our goal was to expedite the containment and removal of identified contamination, which would protect the environment, minimize future liability, and significantly reduce remediation time and costs. This goal was in the best interests of all concerned—Eaton, the community, and the state regulatory agency. This strategy took the project from dual-track concept approval by the regulatory agency to remediation system installation and start-up in less than eight months, cutting over two years from the standard Remediation Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) approach, with consequent earlier contaminant containment. Total remediation costs were half of what they would have been under the standard RI/FS procedure for this site. 相似文献
77.
Ernest Merian 《Chemosphere》1982,11(6):N14
78.
Accommodation of climate change in coastal areas of cameroon: selection of household-level protection options 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Ernest L. Molua 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2009,14(8):721-735
Coastal areas are threatened under climate change because of factors related to vulnerability of society and sensitivity of
the environment. Protection and adaptation may mitigate the adverse consequences. This research reviews and assesses the options
of protection by homeowners in the coastal zone in the southwest region of Cameroon. The coastal zone of Cameroon is studied
because of the observed deleterious effect of recent extreme climatic events. From a research sample of 400 households, the house types and protection strategies - which are of two main types: reactive measures and preventive measures taken to offset adverse effects on property, are studied. A multinomial logit function reveals that income, education, age
and gender are significant factors determining household’s probability on the selection of protection measures. The study
concludes that there are strong implications for adaptation to future climate change, and the ability of homeowners to extensively
respond will have to be reinforced not only by communal and public works projects but also through an active government policy
to promote climate change adaptation. 相似文献
79.
Climate extremes,location vulnerability and private costs of property protection in Southwestern Cameroon 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ernest L. Molua 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2012,17(3):293-310
This study contends that climatic events such as storms and floods may significantly impact on cost of protection through
climate proofing of housing structures along the Atlantic coastal zone in the Southwest region of Cameroon. Household level
protection is purposely examined on the rationale that current protective efforts constitute the building blocks for long-term
adaptation. Examining the determinants of the cost of current protection stands good stead to better inform policy to promote
future adaptation to climatic stress. Hence, from a research sample of 400 households, the study estimates a function that
relates household-level protection costs to their characteristics. Sixty-four percent of the homes studied have been hit at
least once by strong winds, and an average of 2 times in the last 5 years, and 36% of houses have once been hit by storm surge
from the sea nearby. With an average monthly income of 120.000 FCFA (US285), the coastal residents spend on average 145,500 FCFA (US 285), the coastal residents spend on average 145,500
FCFA (US 346) in preparation against floods. The statistical estimates of the cost function reveal significant positive signs,
implying that the experiences and location of homes within floodplain increases the cost of protection no matter the structural
characteristics of the house. The study observes that the proximity to the coast and in flood plains significantly increases
the cost of protection, and the ability to invest in preventive measures and climate proofing housing structures increase
as individual income grows. The findings indicate the need for improvement of monitoring and forecasting systems for floods,
intensification of awareness and proper urban planning. The policy implications are reinforced by the low incomes of most
residents, as this calls for external assistance through transfer of planning skills, capital and public options to reinforce
the resilience and choices made at the household level. 相似文献
80.
Kurramovich Khudoykulov Khurshid Abro Asif Ali Vaseer Arif I. Khan Saad Uddin Ali Syed Rashid Murshed Muntasir 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(23):34055-34074
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Recently, the Japanese government has announced the national objective of turning the economy of Japan carbon–neutral by 2050. This... 相似文献