中小锅炉爆炸事故规律分析与研究

为研究中小型锅炉爆炸事故的规律,对中小型锅炉爆炸案例进行调查和分析,并进行了缺水再进水试验和炉胆失稳模拟试验。研究认为,爆炸主要原因是缺水和超压,缺水造成材料性能下降明显,进水汽化造成锅内压力骤升,并给出了立式锅炉爆炸机理。从锅炉结构、水容积、安全附件等方面的爆炸事故因素考虑,对3种中小型锅炉进行安全性分析,并提出了事故预防措施。     

关于环境管理方式的几点思考

我国利用经济手段、行政手段治理环境污染存在一定局限 ,从而使各项环保措施难以收到理想效果。文章针对几种环境管理方式的局限性 ,指出开展环境保护工作不能“一刀切” ,也不能对国外流行的方式照搬照抄 ,而是要脚踏实地 ,从现实入手进行环境管理。最后对几种新环境管理方式给予了评价。     

HDNPTT与镉显色反应的研究

应用合成的新试剂 1- (2 -羟基 - 3 ,5 -二硝基苯 ) - 3 - (4 -苯基 - 2 -噻唑 ) -三氮烯 (HDNPTT) ,研究了在表面活性剂TritonX - 10 0存在下 ,它与Cd2 的显色反应。结果表明 ,在 pH 8 0～ 10 0范围内 ,Cd2 与该试剂形成的配合物 ,其最大吸收峰位于 5 35nm处 ,摩尔吸光系数为 1 89× 10 5L·mol-1·cm-1。Cd2 在 0mg/L～ 0 32mg/L范围内符合比尔定律。此法用于环境水样和人发样品中微量镉的测定 ,结果满意。     

我国开发区土地资源配置效率的区域差异研究

应用比较优势理论，以国家级53个经济技术开发区为例。研究了不同区域间开发区土地利用的比较优势。结果表明。按照区域土地利用的比较优势来配置土地资源能够提高土地利用的总福利水平。整体上．中西部国家级开发区的比较优势高于东部地区：而区域内部东部地区的京津苏沪及中西部地区的中心城市在开发区建设用地的利用上具有比较优势。因此，按照开发区土地利用的比较优势度计算结果，在排除开发区自身发育不完善和管理层面因素后，对于确实不适宜进行开发区工业建设的应进行空间布局的调整，恢复其农业生产；而对于比较优势度较高的地区可根据实际需要增设相应的开发区。以实现耕地保护与开发区建设的双赢。     

经济发展与农业面源污染:分解模型与实证研究

借鉴Islam的研究思路,构建农业面源污染影响因素分解的理论模型。并利用1990~2010年省际面板数据进行实证研究,探讨农业面源污染演变的内在驱动机制,以期为农业面源污染控制和管理提供理论依据。主要研究结论如下:(1)农业面源污染演变受规模效应、结构效应和减污效应的共同影响;(2)规模效应对农业面源污染的影响为正,这说明农业生产规模和农村人口规模的扩大会增大农业面源污染的排放。结构效应的两个重要方面(经济作物比重的提高和畜禽养殖业产值比重的提高)都会导致农业面源污染的加剧。技术进步和经济发展的减污效应开始初步发挥,二者都能有效减少农业面源污染,这为实现农业生产与生态环境的协调发展提供了可能。     

欧盟跨界流域管理对我国水环境管理的借鉴意义

欧洲联盟在跨界流域管理方面取得了显著的成果,积累了丰富的经验,这对我国的水环境管理,尤其是跨界流域管理工作具有重要的借鉴意义。首先从立法保障、管理机构、运行机制、资金保障和公众参与等5个方面分析了欧盟跨界流域管理的经验和做法;并对我国水环境跨界管理现状进行了解析。在上述基础上,针对我国的水环境管理工作提出了3方面的建议,即：完善法律法规,明确各级政府对流域跨界断面的监管职责,充分利用市场机制,形成保护合力;制定流域综合管理规划,协调专项规划,确保跨界断面水生态保护目标的实现;鼓励公众参与,全方位促进和改善跨界流域管理工作。     

近40年气候变化对江西自然植被净第一性生产力的影响

根据全球气候变化的趋势,采用植被净第一性生产力模型,对江西省南昌、吉安、赣州3地近40年气候变化对自然植被净第一性生产力（NPP）的影响进行研究,并模拟了3地自然植被NPP在未来气候3种水热条件下的变化趋势。此外还以1980年江西全省自然植被NPP为例分析了自然植被NPP的区域分布特征,结果表明：3地近40年自然植被NPP平均值分别为1319 、1311和1320 t/hm2〖DK1〗·a,总体上都呈上升的趋势。 当年均气温增加2℃且降水量增加20%时,NPP值增加了149%~1585%;随着年均气温增加2℃且降水量减少20%,NPP减少了477%~516%;当年均气温增加2℃且降水量不变时,NPP增加了530%~569%。江西自然植被NPP区域分布特征由东、南、西3个方向向北呈放射状分布,随着地形由高山向丘陵、平原的方向变化而减小。     

Adaptation of Nitraria sphaerocarpa to wind-blown sand environments at the edge of a desert oasis

This study addresses the adaptation of Nitraria sphaervcarpa to blown sand at the edge of a desert oasis with regard to the aspects of soil seed banks, seedlings, and population. Horizontally, the total number of seeds per unit area decreased from the shrub canopy center to intershrub areas, and most seeds were found under shrub canopies. Vertically, the highest proportion of seeds was found at depths of 5-10 cm. The emergence percentage, seedling mass, and seedling height, which were significantly affected by both burial depth and seed size, were highest at the optimal burial depth of 2 cm, and decreased with increasing burial depth in each seed size-class. Although seedling mass was usually greatest for large seeds and least for small seeds at each burial depth, little difference was observed in seedling height at shallow burial depths of 0-3 cm. The population shows a patchy and discontinuous distribution pattern. Population height increases with increasing sand depth. Also the density increases with increasing depth of sand in the desert; however, there is a steady decrease when the depth of sand is more than 100 cm. This result indicates that the depth of sand that is most suitable for the growth of Nitraria sphaervcarpa is 100 cm. The size of the population is significantly correlated with the sand depth, which increases with increasing depth in the desert.     

Determination of alcohol compounds using corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry

Ion mobility spectrometry （IMS） is a very fast, highly sensitive, and inexpensive technique, it permits efficient monitoring of volatile organic compounds like alcohols. In this article, positive ion mobility spectra for six alcohol organic compounds have been systematically studied for the first time using a high-resolution IMS apparatus equipped with a discharge ionization source. Utilizing protonated water cluster ions （H2O）nH^＋ as the reactant ions and clean air as the drift gas, alcohol organic compounds, ethanol, 1- propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 2-octanol, all exhibit product ion characteristic peaks in their respective ion mobility spectrometry, that is a result of proton transfer reactions between the alcohols and reaction ions （H2O）nH^＋. The mixture of these alcohols, including two isomers, has been detected, and the results showed that they could be distinguished effectively in the ion mobility spectrum. The reduced mobility values have been determined, which are in very well agreement with the traditional ^63Ni-IMS experimental values. The exponential dilution method was used to calibrate the alcohol concentrations, and a detection limit available for the alcohols is in order of magnitude of a few ng/L.     

Effects of arsenic on seed germination and physiological activities in wheat seedlings

The effects of arsenic(As)were investigated on seed germination,root and shoot length and their biomass and some other factors to elucidate the toxicity of As.The results showed low concentrations of As(O-1 mg/kg)stimulated seed germination and the growth of root and shoot,however,these factors all decreased gradually at high concentrations of As(5-20 mg/kg).The contents Of O2-,MDA,soluble protein and peroxidase(POD)activity all increased with increasing As concentrations.Soluble sugar content,ascorbate peroxidase(APX),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities decreased at low concentrations of As,and increased at high concentrations of As.While acetylsalicylic acid(ASA)and chlorophyll contents,catalase(CAT)activity displayed increasing trend when the concentrations of As was lower than 1 mg/kg,and then decreasing trend.By polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE).As induced the expression of POD isozymes of wheat seedlings.As induced the expression of CAT isozymes but inhibited the expression of SOD isozymes of wheat seedlings at concentrations lower than 1 mg/kg.However,As inhibited the expression of CAT isozymes but induced the expression of SOD isozymes at concentrations higher than 5 mg/kg.The results indicated As could exert harmfulness in the early development stage of wheat at inappropriate concentrations.