水质总磷总氮在线自动监测技术的研究

通过优化国内外水质总氮总磷的手工和自动监测方法及设计参数,研究了基于紫外催化-过硫酸钾氧化分光光度法的在线监测技术,设计了紫外线加强氧化-消解反应器和20通道自动校准与自动进样集成控制系统。该技术与国家标准监测方法相比大大提高了总磷总氮氧化率和消解速度,实现了在较低温度和常压条件下水质总磷总氮的快速、安全和稳定的在线自动监测,具备了良好的市场推广应用前景。     

安徽省测震台网系统构成

本文对安徽测震台网的系统构成、子台分布、地震设备情况、传输信道、台网的技术系统功能进行了介绍。安徽测震台网部的建成,使得地震监控能力得到更大的提升,在安徽省地震应急中必将发挥积极的作用。     

论述造纸行业控制可吸附有机卤化物的必要性

造纸业漂白过程会带来可吸附有机卤化合物的污染,这是一类含有包括二恶英在内的多种有毒有机物。随着全球贸易进程,控制造纸业可吸附有机卤化合物的排放已经刻不容缓。控制造纸行业可吸附有机卤化物应从工艺技术、排放标准执行、监测等方面着手。     

HDTMA改性粉煤灰沸石对水中铬酸盐的吸附

以自制HDTMA-粉煤灰沸石为吸附剂,对铬酸盐的吸附进行了实验研究。讨论了吸附剂的投入量、废水pH值、吸附温度和吸附时间等各因素对Cr（VI）去除率的影响。研究表明：pH值对Cr（VI）的吸附效率无显著影响,且在HDTMA-粉煤灰沸石的投加量为20 g/L、吸附温度为30℃、吸附时间为60 min的条件下,Cr（VI）的去除率可达90%左右。     

Enhanced atrazine removal using membrane bioreactor bioaugmented with genetically engineered microorganism

Bioaugmentation with genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for enhanced removal of recalcitrant pollutants was explored. An atrazine-degrading genetically engineered microorganism (GEM) with green fluorescent protein was inoculated into an MBR and the effects of such a bioaugmentation strategy on atrazine removal were investigated. The results show that atrazine removal was improved greatly in the bioaugmented MBR compared with a control system. After a start-up period of 6 days, average 94.7% of atrazine was removed in bioaugmented MBR when atrazine concentration of influent was 14.5 mg/L. The volumetric removal rates increased linearly followed by atrazine loading increase and the maximum was 65.5 mg/(L·d). No negative effects were found on COD removal although carbon oxidation activity of bioaugmented sludge was lower than that of common sludge. After inoculation, adsorption to sludge flocs was favorable for GEM survival. The GEM population size initially decreased shortly and then was kept constant at about 10⁴–10⁵ CFU/mL. Predation of micro-organisms played an important role in the decay of the GEM population. GEM leakage from MBR was less than 10² CFU/mL initially and was then undetectable. In contrast, in a conventionally activated sludge bioreactor (CAS), sludge bulking occurred possibly due to atrazine exposure, resulting in bioaugmentation failure and serious GEM leakage. So MBR was superior to CAS in atrazine bioaugmentation treatment using GEM.     

湖北省土地利用结构变化及其驱动机制分析

采用1996～2004年的统计资料,分析了湖北省土地利用结构变化,研究发现全省耕地大幅度减少,其次是未利用地和牧草地;林地则迅速增加,其次为居民点及独立工矿、园地、其他农用地、交通用地和水利设施用地。随后运用典型相关分析法,以湖北省76个县级行政单位为研究单元,进一步对湖北省土地利用结构变化的驱动因子进行了统计分析,定量诊断出各驱动因子对湖北省土地利用结构变化贡献作用的大小。结果显示,湖北省土地利用结构与社会经济因素之间关系可以用4对典型相关变量表示,耕地、居民点及工矿用地、林地、交通用地、水利设施用地的发展变化分别对应于不同的社会经济驱动因子。     

“5·12”地震前后都江堰市地表覆盖状况变化分析

本文以应用遥感技术,对“5·12”地震都江堰区域地表覆盖状况进行分析评价。选取都江堰市基于2007年的LandsatTM影像和2010年HJ-1卫星CCD影像,通过面向对象和目视解译相结合的方法,提取了草地、河流、旱地、水田、建设用地等9类生态类型环境覆盖信息。结果表明：“5·12”汶川地震对地表生态环境的变化较大,北...     

化学事故危害后果评估与应急救援的辅助决策系统设计

根据重大城市的化学事故后果评估与应急救援的实际需要出发,提出了研制辅助决策系统任务需求和设计构想,阐述了该系统的系统结构、系统实现的流程和系统功能,并做了可行性分析。系统的模块包括：化学品基础信息模块、化学事故类型划分模块、地理信息系统模块、化学源周围道路交通模块、实时的天气预报模块、数学模型模块、危害后果评估模块、救援方案生成模块、人员疏散撤离方案生成模块、人机交互模块。系统与地理信息系统（G IS）、卫星导航系统（GPS）、遥感成像技术结合后能够实现精确定位、快速评估。将物联网技术与系统结合,还可实现对大型固定化学源远程时时监控,确保在事故发生后第一时间掌握信息,为后果评估和应急救援赢得时间,将化学突发事故的危害降到最低。该系统在信息化条件下,较好地为决策者进行化学事故后果评估,为应急救援决策提供了依据,可大幅度提高应急救援效能。     

淀山湖浮游藻类增长的氮磷限制性营养研究

2009年1月至12月对淀山湖浮游藻类生物量及主要营养元素N、P含量进行了监测,并利用藻类增长的生物学评价（NEB）方法对浮游藻类增长的限制性营养元素进行了研究,采用双变量相关性分析了水体中N、P含量与浮游藻类生物量的相关性.结果表明,磷含量与藻类生物量有显著的正相关（Rmax=0.980）,添加磷能明显促进藻类生物量...     

Generalized extreme value regression for ordinal response data

This paper introduces a flexible skewed link function for modeling ordinal response data with covariates based on the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. Commonly used probit, logit and complementary log-log links are prone to link misspecification because of their fixed skewness. The GEV link is flexible in fitting the skewness in the response curve with a free shape parameter. Using Bayesian methodology, it automatically detects the skewness in the response curve along with the model fitting. The flexibility of the proposed model is illustrated by its application to an ecological survey data about the coverage of Berberis thunbergii in New England. We employ the latent variable approach by Albert and Chib (J Am Stat Assoc 88:669–679, (1993) to develop computational schemes. For model selection, we employ the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC).