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171.
Annibale?BiggeriEmail author Massimo?Bonannini Dolores?Catelan Fabio?Divino Emanuela?Dreassi Corrado?Lagazio 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2005,12(4):397-409
In this work we propose a Bayesian ecological analysis in which a latent variable summarizes data on emissions of atmospheric
pollutants. We specified a hierarchical Bayesian model with spatially structured and unstructured random terms with a nested
latent factor model. This can be considered a combination of the convolution spatial model of Besag et al. (1991) and an ecological regression analysis in which a latent variable plays the role of the covariate. The unified approach allows
to proper account for the uncertainty in the latent score estimation in the regression analysis. The Bayesian Latent Factor
model is used to summarize the information on environmental pressure derived from three stressors: Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen
Oxides and Inhalable Particles. We found evidence of positive correlation between Lung cancer mortality and environmental
pressure indicators, in males, Tuscany (Italy), 1995–1999. Environmental pressure seems to be restricted to fourteen municipalities
(top 5% of the Latent Factor distribution). The model identified two areas with high point source emissions. 相似文献
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176.
Fabio Zagonari 《Sustainability Science》2015,10(4):687-698
This paper develops an analytical model to calculate the amount by which individuals are expected to modify their values (the relationship between lifestyle and happiness, as measured by subjective well-being, SWB) and to adopt innovative technologies (to increase the sustainability of production and consumption, measured by the ecological footprint, EF) to allow current and future generations to achieve sustainable happiness (the pursuit of happiness that does not exploit other people, the environment, or future generations). The paper also examines the dependence of these changes on an individual’s concern for future generations and on their country’s current state of economic development. It is shown that individuals in better-off developed countries and individuals in worse-off developing countries can achieve sustainability with a reasonable level of value change (0–30 %) and a feasible degree of technological innovation (10–40 %), respectively. In contrast, individuals in better-off developing countries and individuals in worse-off developed countries must rely to an impractical degree of technological innovation (50–70 %) and to an unreasonable level of value change (40–70 %), respectively. Finally, individuals in developing countries differ from individuals in developed countries in terms of their potential to achieve sustainable happiness, by achieving sustainability at a low SWB (about 10 % of its maximum) and a high SWB (about 80 % of its maximum), respectively. 相似文献
177.
Muhammad Asim Ibrahim Görgen Göransson Fabio Kaczala William Hogland Marcia Marques 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(11):2296-2306
In this study temporary storage sites of municipal solid waste were characterized based on their potential social, health and environmental impacts as a consequence of spontaneous fires, by employing Boolean as well as weighted-linear-combination approaches in connection with various fuzzy set functions of population density around the storage sites. Sweden was used as the case study and data from 105 storage sites were analysed; of these, 38 were identified to be posing high risk for downwind residing population. Furthermore, during the past 10 years, the fire frequency and the average population residing within a radius of 1, 2, and 3 km were found to be comparatively higher for storage sites owned by private companies than for those owned by municipalities. The study provided first-cut information of poorly sited temporary storage sites and can help in formalizing the comprehensive risk analysis in the future. 相似文献
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Traffic Parameters Estimation to Predict Road Side Pollutant Concentrations using Neural Networks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The analysis aims to evaluate which is the most important among traffic parameters (flows, queues length, occupancy degree,
and travel time) to forecast CO and C6H6 concentrations. The study area was identified by Notarbartolo Road and bounded by Libertà Street and Sciuti Street in the
urban area of Palermo in Southern Italy. In this area, various loop detectors and one pollution-monitoring site were located.
Traffic data related to the pollution-monitoring site immediately near the road link were estimated by Simulation of Urban
MObility (SUMO) traffic microsimulator software using as input the flows measured by loop detectors on other links of road
network. Traffic and weather data were used as input variables to predict pollutant concentrations by using neural networks.
Finally, after a sensitivity analysis, it was showed that queues length were the mostly correlated traffic parameters to pollutant
concentrations.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
180.
Wim Bonckaert Adam Tofilski Fabio S. Nascimento Johan Billen Francis L. W. Ratnieks Tom Wenseleers 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(4):633-640
In insect societies, workers often try to challenge the reproductive monopoly of the queen by laying their own eggs. Successful
worker reproduction, however, is frequently prevented by queen policing or worker policing, whereby either the mother queen
or non-reproductive workers selectively kill worker-laid eggs. Recently, a third mechanism—“selfish” worker policing—has also
been described in which the workers selectively police worker-laid eggs but also lay eggs themselves. Here, we present results
from the monogynous wasp Dolichovespula norwegica, which show that all three kinds of policing—queen policing, worker policing and “selfish” worker policing—co-occur. The
net effect of these three kinds of policing collectively favoured the queen’s reproduction, as within 1 day 44% of the worker-laid
eggs versus only 8% of the queen-laid eggs were eaten. Of the worker-laid eggs that were killed by workers, approximately
two thirds were eaten by the reproductive workers even though these made up only a small proportion, 8%, of the work force.
This means that policing workers obtained both direct fitness benefits as well as indirect (inclusive) fitness. In addition,
we show that worker policing was carried out by a limited, specialised set of workers that was estimated to constitute approximately
one quarter of the whole colony and of which 66% were non-reproductive. 相似文献