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581.
Arifin Siti Nor Hidayah Radin Mohamed Radin Maya Saphira Al-Gheethi Adel Lai Chin Wei Gopalakrishnan Yashni Hairuddin Nur Diyana Vo Dai-Viet 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(10):25103-25118
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The current work aimed to investigate the degradation of the triclocarban (TCC) in aqueous solution using a modified zeolite/TiO2 composite (MZTC)... 相似文献
582.
An index based method is developed that ranks the subwatersheds of a watershed based on their relative impacts on watershed
response to anticipated land developments, and then applied to an urbanizing watershed in Eastern Pennsylvania. Simulations
with a semi-distributed hydrologic model show that computed low- and high-flow frequencies at the main outlet increase significantly
with the projected landscape changes in the watershed. The developed index is utilized to prioritize areas in the urbanizing
watershed based on their contributions to alterations in the magnitude of selected flow characteristics at two spatial resolutions.
The low-flow measure, 7Q10, rankings are shown to mimic the spatial trend of groundwater recharge rates, whereas average annual maximum daily flow,
, and average monthly median of daily flows, , rankings are influenced by both recharge and proximity to watershed outlet. Results indicate that, especially with the higher
resolution, areas having quicker responses are not necessarily the more critical areas for high-flow scenarios. Subwatershed
rankings are shown to vary slightly with the location of water quality/quantity criteria enforcement. It is also found that
rankings of subwatersheds upstream from the site of interest, which could be the main outlet or any interior point in the
watershed, may be influenced by the time scale of the hydrologic processes. 相似文献
583.
Environmental impact and management of phosphogypsum 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hanan Tayibi Mohamed Choura Félix A. López Francisco J. Alguacil Aurora López-Delgado 《Journal of environmental management》2009
The production of phosphoric acid from natural phosphate rock by the wet process gives rise to an industrial by-product called phosphogypsum (PG). About 5 tons of PG are generated per ton of phosphoric acid production, and worldwide PG generation is estimated to be around 100–280 Mt per year. This by-product is mostly disposed of without any treatment, usually by dumping in large stockpiles. These are generally located in coastal areas close to phosphoric acid plants, where they occupy large land areas and cause serious environmental damage. PG is mainly composed of gypsum but also contains a high level of impurities such as phosphates, fluorides and sulphates, naturally occurring radionuclides, heavy metals, and other trace elements. All of this adds up to a negative environmental impact and many restrictions on PG applications. Up to 15% of world PG production is used to make building materials, as a soil amendment and as a set controller in the manufacture of Portland cement; uses that have been banned in most countries. The USEPA has classified PG as a “Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material” (TENORM). 相似文献
584.
Abhishek Das Author Vitae Mohamed Abdel-Aty Author Vitae Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(4):317-327
Introduction
The study aims at identifying traffic/highway design/driver-vehicle information significantly related with fatal/severe crashes on urban arterials for different crash types. Since the data used in this study are observational (i.e., collected outside the purview of a designed experiment), an information discovery approach is adopted for this study.Method
Random Forests, which are ensembles of individual trees grown by CART (Classification and Regression Tree) algorithm, are applied in numerous applications for this purpose. Specifically, conditional inference forests have been implemented. In each tree of the conditional inference forest, splits are based on how good the association is. Chi-square test statistics are used to measure the association. Apart from identifying the variables that improve classification accuracy, the methodology also clearly identifies the variables that are neutral to accuracy, and also those that decrease it.Results
The methodology is quite insightful in identifying the variables of interest in the database (e.g., alcohol/ drug use and higher posted speed limits contribute to severe crashes). Failure to use safety equipment by all passengers and presence of driver/passenger in the vulnerable age group (more than 55 years or less than 3 years) increased the severity of injuries given a crash had occurred. A new variable, ‘element’ has been used in this study, which assigns crashes to segments, intersections, or access points based on the information from site location, traffic control, and presence of signals.Impact
The authors were able to identify roadway locations where severe crashes tend to occur. For example, segments and access points were found to be riskier for single vehicle crashes. Higher skid resistance and k-factor also contributed toward increased severity of injuries in crashes. 相似文献585.
Mohamed Hdi Romdhana Didier Lecomte Bruno Ladevie Caroline Sablayrolles 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2009,87(6):377-386
The sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant is a potential source of infectious organism. The number and type of pathogens in sludge depends on various factors namely, the wastewater source, the type of treatment plant, and other environmental factors such as the biological medium offered by the sewage sludge. The principal sludge-borne diseases are presented followed by discussion on biological aspect of growth and occurrence. The overall objective of this work is to estimate kinetic reduction of pathogen population in sludge during different thermal-drying process including: the agitated conductive drying, drum drying, solar drying, and fry-drying. The temperature curves were reported from literature except frying data which were determined in experiment. In order to apply the temperature influence on pathogens population, kinetic parameters for the thermal inactivation (D, z-values) were chosen from literature. Values of concentrations of each pathogen were also extracted from scientific review of pathogens in bio-solids. This study conducted to resolve the survival kinetic of Hepatitis A viruses. The result showed that a concentration of 7 × 104 cfu/100 ml initially present in the sewage sludge is significantly reduced during the heat drying processes except the solar plant. The sewage sludge is completely disinfected when heated for 20 min, 10 min, and 10 s, respectively, during the agitated conductive process, vacuum fry-drying, and drum drying process. 相似文献
586.
Abdul Hameed Bin Mohamed Mydin 《生态毒理学报》2001,23(1):54-58
无论遵循哪种发展模式,城市的增长都会给能源的使用和管理施加巨大的压力 .基于可持续性的城市发展需要使这些模式具有有效性,包括考虑它们已经产生的影响 .有一点是可以说服人的,城市能源问题的解决办法(比如能源效率和减少使用化石燃料)需要基于适合可持续发展的经济和商业原则 . 相似文献
587.
Traditional methods for the recovery of gold from electronic scrap by hydrometallurgy were cyanidation followed by adsorption on activated carbon or cementation onto zinc dust and by electrowinning. In our studies, a static batch electrochemical reactor operating in an electrogenerative mode was used in gold recovery from cyanide solutions. A spontaneous chemical reaction will take place in the reactor and generate an external flow of current. In this present work, a static batch cell with an improved design using three-dimensional cathodes namely porous graphite and reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) and two-dimensional cathode materials, copper and stainless steel plates were coupled with a zinc anode. The electrogenerative system was demonstrated and the performance of the system using various cathode materials for gold recovery was evaluated. The system resulted in more than 90% gold being recovered within 3h of operation. Activated RVC serves as a superior cathode material having the highest recovery rate with more than 99% of gold being recovered in 1h of operation. The morphology of gold deposits on various cathode materials was also investigated. 相似文献
588.
Effects of Cd2+ on K+, Ca2+ and N uptake in two halophytes Sesuvium portulacastrum and Mesembryanthemum crystallinum: consequences on growth 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
One of the limits of Cd2+-phytoextraction is the high toxicity of this metal to plants. Growth restriction, chlorosis and necrosis are usually accompanied with a large disturbance of the uptake of essential elements. This work aims to study the effects of cadmium (Cd2+) on potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+) and nitrogen (N) acquisition, and their consequences on growth in two halophytes species: Sesuvium portulacastrum and Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Seedlings were grown for 30 days in split-root conditions. One half of the root system was immersed in complete nutrient solution (Basal medium (B)) supplemented with 100 microM Cd2+, and the other half was immersed in a Cd2+-free medium, containing all nutrients (B/Cd plants) or deprived of potassium ((B-K)/Cd) or calcium ((B-Ca)/Cd) or nitrogen ((B-N)/Cd). Using this approach, we demonstrated that K+ and Ca2+ uptake was impaired in roots exposed to Cd2+. Concerning N, we noticed no indication of uptake inhibition by Cd2+. However, restriction of K+ uptake by roots was compensated by an increase in the K+-use efficiency, so that growth was not inhibited. Calcium uptake was strongly limited by Cd2. This inhibition was accompanied by a reduction in growth of ((B-Ca)/Cd) plants. Thus, we conclude that Cd2+ limits growth of both halophytes through restriction imposed on Ca2+ uptake. We suggest that the increase of Ca2+ availability in soils could improve the growth of both species in the presence of Cd2+. This would be essential for improving their utility for extraction of this metal by from salty contaminated soils. 相似文献
589.
It is known that fugitive dust can cause human health and environmental problems, alone or in combination with other air pollutants.
These problems are referred to as ‘external costs’ that have been traditionally ignored. However, there is a growing interest towards quantifying externalities to assist policy
and decision-making. With this in mind, the present study aimed at discussing the environmental regulations that deal with
fugitive dust, the impact of fugitive dust on human health and global climate system, and the available methods for calculating
fugitive dust externalities. The damage cost associated with human health and global environmental problems was predicted
based on the environmental strategy priority model. The damage cost estimated by the model ranged from 40 to 374 EUR/kg of
emitted fugitive dust with a mean value of 120 EUR/kg of emitted fugitive dust. It was also found that PM2.5 and PM10 have contributed to about 60% and 36% of the estimated damage cost, respectively. The remaining 4% was attributed to both
nitrate and sulfate aerosols. 相似文献