甘氨酸母液脱色废活性炭的微波-Fenton试剂氧化法再生

采用微波-Fenton试剂氧化法对甘氨酸母液脱色过程中产生的废活性炭进行再生,考察了废活性炭再生率的影响因素,并用SEM对再生活性炭进行了表征.实验结果表明,在Fenton试剂中n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)为24∶1、H2O2的浓度为25 mmol/L、溶液pH为3、反应温度为55℃、反应时间为18 min、微波功率为600 W时,废活性炭的再生率可达到75.80％.     

UF膜与混凝粉末活性炭联用处理微污染原水

采用混凝、粉末活性炭和UF膜分离的联用技术对黄浦江原水进行试验 ,结果表明 ,混凝、粉末活性炭可有效地去除溶解性有机物 .混凝处理主要去除大分子量的有机物 ,粉末活性炭主要去除低分子量的有机物 .混凝、粉末活性炭还能有效地去除三氯甲烷生成潜能 (THMFP) ,对于低分子量的THMFP ,混凝去除效果很差 ,而粉末活性炭去除很好 .试验还表明 ,混凝、粉末活性炭还可大大降低膜的滤饼层阻力 ,当混凝剂投加量为 4mg/L时 ,膜的滤饼层阻力最小 .     

堆肥系统的通风设计

对堆肥系统的两种不同风机选型方法及计算结果进行了比较.根据计算结果,方法二所选风机的风量、风压和功率都大于方法一所选的风机.对于堆肥系统,目前常用的风机选型方法为方法二.污泥堆肥中试的结果初步表明:方法二所选风机的风量偏大,而方法一所选风机的风量比较适宜.     

环境温度对污泥堆肥过程的影响

在不同的环境温度下 ,采用强制通风静态仓污泥堆肥中试实验系统进行了五种调理剂的污泥堆肥实验。结果表明 :环境温度对污泥堆肥过程的堆体温度有影响。在寒冷的冬季 (气温范围为 -1 4～ 5.0℃ ,平均气温为 -5.1℃ ) ,污泥堆肥的堆体中层温度能顺利达到设定温度( 60℃ ) ,并能保持一段高温期 (约 9d) ,堆肥产品达到了无害化国家标准。在污泥堆肥过程 ,不必对堆料的 pH值进行调整。     

Synthesizing alternative sequences via a P-graph-based approach in azeotropic distillation systems

The present work proposes a P-graph based approach capable of systematically generating all combinatorially feasible alternative sequences for both continuous and batch azeotropic distillation systems when the feeds, products, and operating units and their concomitant intermediate materials are known. To facilitate synthesis, a highly effective method has been established to identify processing or operating units necessary for constructing azeotropic-distillation systems by means of first principles and logical sequencing of such units. The materials represented in the space of the residue curve map are partitioned into lumped materials bounded by thermodynamic boundaries and pinches, e.g. distillation boundaries and liquid–liquid phase equilibrium envelope. Subsequently, the operating units are identified on the basis of these lumped materials. The proposed approach automatically discards the operating units and intermediates whose inclusion will lead to infeasible sequences. The efficacy of the approach is illustrated with a realistic example.     

废弃物焚烧中二恶英类的发生与对策

重点探讨和论述了废弃物焚烧过程中极毒物质二恶英类的毒理,生成机构及生成途径,并从工程应用中提出了相应的对策.     

崇明岛前卫湖水中有色溶解性有机质的分布和来源

通过溶解性有机碳(DOC)、紫外-可见吸收光谱及三维荧光激发发射矩阵(3DEEM)分析,研究崇明岛前卫湖有色溶解性有机质(CDOM)的分布和来源.结果发现,表层水中DOC的空间分布比较均匀,变化范围为5.87～7.02mg*L-1,平均值为6.35mg*L-1.吸收光谱分析表明,校正吸收系数a355在养殖区最高,为4.58m-1,并呈向两边逐渐递减的趋势,暗示养殖区CDOM可能存在陆源之外的其他来源.进一步的荧光指数(f450/500)分析证实了水生生物源的存在,同时也表明前卫湖水体的CDOM总体上并没有明显偏向陆源或者水生生物源(f450/500为1.50～1.84),而a355与DOC含量的比值和荧光指数存在显著正相关(r=0.787,n=10,P<0.01),说明养殖区存在一个比较明显的生物信号,其可能来源为藻类.三维荧光的分析结果表明,类腐殖酸组分普遍存在于前卫湖CDOM中,且空间差异不大;而类蛋白组分的分布差异较大,可能是影响前卫湖CDOM空间分布的主要因素,这与上述生物源的分析结果相吻合.     

Predicting tree diversity across the United States as a function of modeled gross primary production.

At the regional and continental scale, ecologists have theorized that spatial variation in biodiversity can be interpreted as a response to differences in climate. To test this theory we assumed that ecological constraints associated with current climatic conditions (2000-2004) might best be correlated with tree richness if expressed through satellite-derived measures of gross primary production (GPP), rather than the more commonly used, but less consistently derived, net primary production. To evaluate current patterns in tree diversity across the contiguous United States we acquired information on tree composition from the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis program that represented more than 17,4000 survey plots. We selected 2693 cells of 1000 km2 within which a sufficient number of plots were available to estimate tree richness per hectare. Our estimates of forest productivity varied from simple vegetation indices indicative of the fraction of light intercepted by canopies at 16-d intervals, a product from the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer), to 8- and 10-d GPP products derived with minimal climatic data (MODIS) and SPOT-Vegetation (Systeme Pour l'Observation de la Terre), to 3-PGS (Physiological Principles Predicting Growth with Satellites), which requires both climate and soil data. Across the contiguous United States, modeled predictions of gross productivity accounted for between 51% and 77% of the recorded spatial variation in tree diversity, which ranged from 2 to 67 species per hectare. When the analyses were concentrated within nine broadly defined ecoregions, predictive relations largely disappeared. Only 3-PGS predictions fit a theorized unimodal function by being able to distinguish highly productive forests in the Pacific Northwest that support lower than expected tree diversity. Other models predicted a continuous steep rise in tree diversity with increasing productivity, and did so with generally better or nearly equal precision with fewer data requirements.     

烟气分布器对半干法脱硫塔流场的影响

通过计算流体力学(CFD)方法,采用K-ε双方程模型,对半干法脱硫塔内部流场进行数值模拟,研究几种不同类型的烟气分布器对流场分布的影响.结果表明,脱硫塔体内部增设烟气分布器时明显改变流场的分布,通过改变烟气分布器的结构,实现烟气流动的速度矢量、压力梯度和能量在脱硫塔体内部均匀分布,增加脱硫剂与SO₂接触的几率,提高脱硫塔反应效率.研究结果为脱硫塔体内部结构的优化提供了依据.     

喷消石灰脱除垃圾焚烧炉尾气中HCl和SO2的试验研究

在日处理200t进口流化床垃圾焚烧炉上,进行烟气喷水降温加上喷消石灰粉末脱除尾气中的酸性气体HCl和SO2的试验研究,HCl和SO2浓度由布袋除尘器出口的在线气体分析仪测得,结果表明HCl和SO2的去除率在Ca/Cl摩尔比等于9时分别为80%和20%,说明该法消石灰利用率较低,宜改为半干法脱除HCl和SO2酸性气体,以便降低吸收剂用量,提高运行的经济性.