河南省畜禽养殖污染调查及时空特征分析研究

根据2003年-2012年河南省统计年鉴相关数据和各种估算参数,对河南省2003年-2012年18个地级市五个畜种——生猪、肉牛、奶牛、蛋鸡、肉鸡的污染物排放总量及其污染物排放负荷进行调查分析,以期为河南省畜禽养殖污染的综合治理工作提供科学依据。研究结果表明:河南省2003年-2012年间污染物排放整体呈现平稳状态,2007年波动较大;五个主要畜种中,肉牛的污染物排放平均负荷最大为48.15%,其次为生猪39.70%,肉鸡8.67%,奶牛2.65%,蛋鸡0.83%;不同地区中以南阳市污染物排放量最大,其次是驻马店市,周口市,商丘市,信阳市,五市的COD、总氮、总磷排放量分别占到了全省相应污染物排放总量的54.49%,52.36%和48.51%。     

Combination of heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction and photocatalysis using Co-TiO2 nanocatalyst for activation of KHSO5 with visible light irradiation at ambient conditions

A novel coupled system using Co–Ti O2 was successfully designed which combined two different heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes, sulfate radical based Fenton-like reaction（SR-Fenton） and visible light photocatalysis（Vis-Photo）, for degradation of organic contaminants. The synergistic effect of SR-Fenton and Vis-Photo was observed through comparative tests of 50 mg/L Rhodamine B（Rh B） degradation and TOC removal. The Rhodamine B degradation rate and TOC removal were 100% and 68.1% using the SR-Fenton/Vis-Photo combined process under ambient conditions, respectively. Moreover, based on XRD, XPS and UV-DRS characterization, it can be deduced that tricobalt tetroxide located on the surface of the catalyst is the SR-Fenton active site, and cobalt ion implanted in the Ti O2 lattice is the reason for the visible light photocatalytic activity of Co–Ti O2. Finally, the effects of the calcination temperature and cobalt concentration on the synergistic performance were also investigated and a possible mechanism for the synergistic system was proposed. This coupled system exhibited excellent catalytic stability and reusability,and almost no dissolution of Co2＋was found.     

工业废气再利用的碳减排潜力分析

中国CO₂排放量与工业废气排放量之间具有很高的相关性,废气量减排是实现CO₂减排的重要手段和切入点,有必要开展深入研究。根据能量平衡的原理,建立了余热利用、余压利用和含热值气体再利用等碳减排计算方法,简述了现有的钢铁烧结机烟气循环技术、水泥窑协同处理生活垃圾和市政污泥技术以及电解铝烟气阶梯利用于火电厂技术,并对以上主要行业废气再利用的碳减排量进行了计算和分析。结果表明,主要工业行业的废气再利用技术可以减少废气量排放,进而减少CO₂排放,对于实现中国CO₂减排目标的贡献接近1/4。废气再利用技术对减少CO₂排放具有重要作用,应作为实现2020年减排目标的重要技术途径,大力推广发展。     

工作流技术在水质自动站第三方运营中的应用研究

随着越来越多的水质自动站委托给第三方运营维护,环境监测部门在外包管理中面临着无法跟踪任务进展、无法对运维人员在现场工作进行监督、无法及时检查工作成果等问题。借用信息化手段,将工作流技术引入水质自动站的外包管理,使得每当新发起一个运维任务时,及时建立起一个工作流,监测部门通过对工作流的监控可以实现对运维过程的监督管理,从而解决了这些问题。通过应用工作流技术,提升了环境监测部门对水质自动站第三方运营的管理效率,为水质自动监测数据的获取和利用奠定了更坚实的基础。     

长江大保护城市水生态环境驻点研究—九江方案

开展长江沿线城市水生态环境跟踪驻点研究,是贯彻习近平总书记“长江大保护”重要指示精神的具体体现。以长江中游城市九江市全域为研究区域,在资料收集和实地调研的基础上,运用信息化手段,采用统计分析、数值模拟等研究方法,开展了以数据库构建、驻点研究平台建设、水生态环境问题诊断、污染物溯源剖析、综合解决方案制定为主要内容的系统研究,探索了驻点城市需求与长江生态环境保护联合研究任务相互嵌套的研究思路,摸索出一条“数据平台构建→全域问题诊断→逐层双向剖析→全过程综合施策”的城市水环境问题“把脉、问诊、开药方”技术路线和方法体系,提出了一套统筹“结构减排、技术减排、管理减排”3个维度,遵循“源头预防、过程控制、末端治理”的全过程管治的“一市一策”综合解决方案,以期为拥有复杂水生态环境的城市开展同类型研究提供借鉴。     

V系列转基因银中杨(Salix alba var Tristis)与非转基因组长势差异的初步分析

经对鄂尔多斯市达拉特旗树林召镇的转基因试验林中的v系列转基因银中杨与非转基因对照组的生长性状的对比研究证明:该转基因系列具有较强的环境适应性,生长状况明显优于非转基因杨树。     

危险品道路运输企业风险管理与对策探讨

阐述了危险品运输企业存在和面临的风险,以及产生风险基本要素之间的相互关系。通过风险分析、评价,提出缩减风险的管理对策,从而减小危险品运输安全风险、降低事故概率和频率.     

Impact of different benthic animals on phosphorus dynamics across the sediment-water interface

As a diagenetic progress, bioturbation influences solute exchange across the sediment-water interface (SWI). Different benthic animals have various mechanical activities in sediment, thereby they may have different effects on solute exchange across the SWI. This laboratory study examined the impacts of different benthic animals on phosphorus dynamics across the SWI. Tubificid worms and Chironomidae larvae were introduced as model organisms which, based on their mechanical activities, belong to upward-conveyors and gallery-diffusers, respectively. The microcosm simulation study was carried out with a continuous flow culture system, and all sediment, water, and worms and larvae specimens were sampled from Taihu Lake, China. To compare their bioturbation effects, the same biomass (17.1 g wet weight (ww)/m2) was adopted for worms and larvae.Worms altered no oxygen penetration depth in sediment, while larvae increased the O2 penetration depth, compared to the control treatment. Their emergence also enhanced sediment O2 uptake. The oxidation of ferrous iron in pore water produced ferric iron oxyhydroxides that adsorbed soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) from the overlying water and pore water. Larvae built obviously oxidized tubes with about 2 mm diameter and the maximum length of 6 cm in sediment, and significantly decreased ferrous iron and SRP in the pore water compared to the control and worms treatments. Worms constructed no visually-oxidized galleries in the sediment in contrast to larvae, and they did not significantly alter SRP in the pore water relative to the control treatment. The adsorption of ferric iron oxyhydroxides to SRP caused by worms and larvae inhibited SRP release from sediment. Comparatively, worms inhibited more SRP release than larvae based on the same biomass, as they successively renewed the ferric iron oxyhydroxides rich oxidation layer through their deposition.     

我国大气污染物可持续深度控制技术需求方向分析

消除灰霾的重要途径之一是实施固定污染源的大气污染物可持续的深度控制。通过总结我国目前各行业污染控制现状及进一步减排潜力,提出我国进行污染物深度控制的重点为工业锅炉和工业窑炉。进一步分析了我国目前大气污染控制技术存在问题及各行业污染深度控制需求。由于我国目前应用的污染控制技术基本都存在投资运行成本高、副产物不可资源化等问题,在工业锅炉、工业窑炉上很难实现可持续的污染物深度控制。因此,我国污染物可持续深度控制技术的研究方向应着重于以废治废、烟气量减排的循环经济型技术和多污染物协同控制及副产物商品化技术的研发和推广应用。     

石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫的生命周期和可持续性分析

以燃煤电力行业为例,在确定石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫技术分析对象和范围的基础上,进行了排放清单分析,并评价了其对环境的影响。从生命周期全过程来看,石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫存在粉尘、噪音和生态破坏等环境问题;并且其生态恢复成本及脱硫石膏和脱硫废水的无害化处理成本远高于目前所估算的烟气脱硫成本。根据我国目前的能源结构和环境现状,石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫技术不具有可持续性,烟气循环与梯度利用技术是值得示范和推广的烟气净化技术。