空塔钠碱法烟气脱硫实验研究

在内径200mm,高度1100mm的喷淋塔内,采用Na2CO3作为吸收剂进行SO2吸收实验,重点研究了液气比(L/G)、空塔气速、进口SO2质量浓度、吸收液pH及初始浓度对脱硫效率的影响。通过实验得到该系统适宜操作条件:吸收液pH值在6.5～7.5之间,液气比在1～1.5之间,吸收液初始浓度5%,空塔气速1.6m/s,在此条件下,进口SO2质量浓度在3000mg/m3以内,脱硫效率可以达到80%以上。     

制药废水处理生物技术的有效性

制药废水处理生物技术有效性的研究结果表明,XZEH公司原有处理方法的出水COD不能达到国家一级排放标准,其原因是缺少28%的曝气反应池体积.如果应用工程菌株Xhhh和Ebis信息软件的双重优化技术,可使生物负荷效率提高128%,所需曝气池体积可降低51%.对于提高制药废水的生物处理技术有效性和实现达标排放具有技术潜力.     

饮用水中BDOC测定动力学研究

采用悬浮培养测定法,讨论了ＢＤＯＣ测定中动力学特性,得出在２８ｄ测定中ＢＤＯＣ的降解动力学满足一级反应,动力学方程为ＢＤＯＣｔ＝ＢＤＯＣｕ（１＝１０＾－０．０７７ｔ）,降解常数ｋ＝０．０７７ｄ＾－１,通过比较实测的ＢＤＯＣ３和据公式计算出的ＢＤＯＣ３,证明这种动力学关系基本正确。     

中国地区二次有机气溶胶的时空分布特征和来源分析

二次有机气溶胶(SOA)由于其在大气污染、气候变化与人体健康方面的影响,是我国大气环境中一种重要的污染物.确定中国SOA分布规律以及产生来源是大气污染防治的前提.利用全球化学传输模型(Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers,Version 4,MOZART4)并集成多相SOA参数化方案,模拟了中国地区SOA的时空分布,并按前体物分区域进行了来源分析.结果表明,受SOA前体物排放分布的影响,中国地区的SOA主要分布在东部和南部地区,并且夏季SOA产量是冬季产量的2.5倍.中国地区分布的SOA由人为源排放产生占55%,高于自然源(45%);并且境内排放贡献了我国SOA产量的77%,主要影响东部近地面大气的浓度分布.境外排放主要影响我国西部地区,尤其是对高空SOA分布影响显著.     

南四湖沉积物中有机氯农药和多氯联苯垂直分布特征

通过对采集于南四湖湖区的沉积物柱状样品中有机氯农药（OCPs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）同系物的GC-ECD定量分析测定,并结合²¹⁰Pb同位素定年分析,重建了南四湖湖区有机污染物的污染史.结果表明,样品中OCPs、HCHs、DDTs和PCBs的含量范围分别为1.64～17.9、0.66～12.5、0.24～2.99和7.84～42.8 ng·g^-1.柱状沉积物的沉积速率为0.330 cm·a^-1,平均沉积通量为0.237 g·(cm²·a)^-1,所采集的样品沉积时间为1899～2000年.OCPs和PCBs分别在1960和1970年左右出现浓度峰值,随后含量逐渐下降.污染物来源分析表明,HCHs来源于新的工业HCH和林丹2种工业品,HCH和DDT污染主要源于历史上的使用;PCBs主要来自于造纸漂白过程和焚烧炉排放.生态风险评价结果表明,除β-HCH、γ-HCH和艾氏剂3种污染物在14～16　cm附近、对应沉积时间为1960年左右测试数据略高于风险水平低值,其余污染物的所有数据均低于风险水平低值.整体而言,南四湖柱状沉积物中的OCPs和PCBs含量属于低生态风险水平.     

典型水环境微生物源异嗅物研究进展

致嗅微生物主要包括放线菌、藻类和黏细菌等,广泛存在于水源水库、湖泊、溪流和海洋等典型水生态系统中,代谢产生的异嗅化合物痕量即可造成严重的异嗅味,威胁供水安全.目前,大量研究集中在异嗅化合物的有效控制上,投入使用的有物理和化学等方法,但存在问题,有待改进与完善,微生物法对环境友好,因此具有广阔的应用前景.本文从异嗅化合物的种类、生物源、检测方法、控制措施、影响因素及产嗅机制等方面的研究进行综述,并进行展望,讨论今后研究热点,旨在推进异嗅化合物的相关研究,保障城镇供水安全.     

Reviews of emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in Asia

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in the atmosphere play important roles in the formation of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in global scale and also in regional scale under some condition due to their large amount and relatively higher reactivity. In places with high plant cover in the tropics and in China where air pollution is serious, the effect of BVOCs on ozone and secondary organic aerosols is strong. The present research aims to provide a comprehensive review about the emission rate, emission inventory, research methods, the influencing factors of BVOCs emissions, as well as their impacts on atmospheric environment quality and human health in recent years in Asia based on the summary and analysis of literatures. It is suggested to use field direct measurement method to obtain the emission rate and model method to calculate the emission amount. Several recommendations are given for future investigation and policy development on BVOCs emission.     

人类活动对漓江地表水体水-岩作用的影响

人类活动对流域水质的影响受到越来越多的关注.为探讨人类活动对岩溶地表水体水-岩作用的影响,以受农业、工业、旅游业活动及城市发展综合影响的漓江流域为研究对象,于2016年7~11月采集河水样,分析水化学和δ~(13)C_(DIC)数据.结果表明:(1)漓江水化学类型为HCO_3-Ca.在阴离子成分中,SO_4~2和NO_3~-仅次于HCO_3~-,并且在漓江桂林至阳朔段,因城市及城镇分布密集,旅游业发达,浓度较高.(2)[Ca~(2+)+Mg~(2+)]/[HCO_3~-]当量比值在1.01~1.51之间,[Ca~(2+)+Mg~(2+)]/[SO_4~(2-)+NO_3~-+HCO_3~-]比值在0.85~1.12之间,说明硫酸、硝酸参与了水-岩作用.(3)碳酸溶蚀碳酸盐岩的比例平均为75.89%.硫酸和硝酸溶蚀碳酸盐岩的比例平均为24.11%.硝酸、硫酸溶蚀碳酸盐岩的能力多雨期强于少雨期.此外,硫酸和硝酸溶蚀碳酸盐岩的比例从上游到下游呈波动增大趋势,最高值出现于灵川县城,最低出现于漓江上游的华江.(4)碳酸风化碳酸盐岩对HCO_3~-的贡献最大,平均为83.58%;其次为硫酸和硝酸风化碳酸盐岩,平均为14.24%;碳酸风化硅酸盐岩对HCO_3~-的贡献最小,平均为2.18%,华江和峡背碳酸风化硅酸盐岩对HCO_3~-的贡献较其他点突出,这与流域地质背景相符合.(5)δ~(13)C_(DIC)值介于-11.95‰~-7.61‰之间;通过端元混合模型估算的δ~(13)C_(DIC-rock)介于-14.24‰~-7.23‰之间.多雨期δ~(13)C_(DIC)值与δ~(13)C_(DIC-rock)值比较接近,少雨期δ~(13)C_(DIC)值明显重于δ~(13)C_(DIC-rock).δ~(13)C_(DIC)与δ~(13)C_(DIC-rock)之间存在一定差异,是由于受到水生植物光合作用的影响.     

半干法钙基烟气脱硫技术

阐述了半干法脱硫机理和影响因素以及容易出现的问题及其解决方法。针对半干法脱硫剂利用率低、Ca／S高的问题，提出了几种提高脱硫剂利用率的技术。     

Adsorption of Pb, Cd to Fe, Mn oxides in natural freshwater surface coatings developed in different seasons

Metal oxides( Fe, Mn oxides) in natural surface coatings(biofilms and associated minerals) are believed to play a significant role n the fate and transport of trace metal in aquatic environments. Seasonal variation of Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials in surface oatings, which were developed periodically on glass slides in Nanhu Lake, Jilin Province, China over the time frame of three seasons,was investigated in order to understand the influence of metal oxides on Pb and Cd adsorption to heterogeneous surface coating materials(biofilm). Pb and Cd adsorption was measured under controlled laboratory conditions( mineral salts solution with defined speciation, ionic trength 0.05 mol/L, 25~C and pH 6.0). The classical Langmuir adsorption isotherm was applied to estimate equilibrium coefficients of Pb nd Cd adsorption to the surface coatings. In general, components in the surface coatings varied greatly with seasons altering and btained higher concentrations in summer while the content of iron oxides always exceeded that of manganese oxides. Correlation nalyses between the maximum adsorption of Pb and Cd and components in the surface coatings developed periodically indicated that Pb hase association with Mn oxides and Cd phase association with Fe oxides as well as Mn oxides were statistically significant. Effect of Mn xides on Cd adsorption was confirmed in view of its higher content in the surface coatings. The importance of ferromanganese oxides for b and Cd adsorption to the natural surface coatings developed in different seasons was evidenced.