应用海相镜质组反射率研究华北地区下古生界成熟度

如何评价下古生界高－过成熟海相碳酸盐岩成熟度是当前急需解决的问题。笔者通过对华北地区下古生界海相烃源岩的有机岩石学分析，确认下古生界高－过成熟碳酸盐岩中普遍存在海相镜质体，建立了海相镜质体反射率与镜质组反射率之间的关系。     

Selective elimination of chromophoric and fluorescent dissolved organic matter in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant

Effluent organic matter (EfOM) from municipal wastewater treatment plants potentially has a detrimental effect on both aquatic organisms and humans. This study evaluated the removal and transformation of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant under different seasons. The results showed that bio-treatment was found to be more efficient in removing bulk DOM (in terms of dissolved organic carbon, DOC) than CDOM and FDOM, which was contrary to the disinfection process. CDOM and FDOM were selectively removed at various stages during the treatment. Typically, the low molecular weight (MW) fractions of CDOM and protein-like FDOM were more efficiently removed during bio-treatment process, whereas the humic-like FDOM exhibited comparable decreases in both bio-treatment and disinfection processes. Overall, the performance of the WWTP was weak in terms of CDOM and FDOM removal, resulting in enrichment of CDOM and FDOM in effluent. Moreover, the total removal of the bulk DOM (P < 0.05) and the protein-like FDOM (P < 0.05) displayed a significant seasonal variation, with higher removal efficiencies in summer, whereas removal of CDOM and the humic-like FDOM showed little differences between summer and winter. In all, the results provide useful information for understanding the fate and transformation of DOM, illustrating that sub-fractions of DOM could be selectively removed depending on treatment processes and seasonality.     

十溴二苯乙烷对部分血糖内分泌干扰的计算机辅助理论研究

随着十溴二苯乙烷(decabromodiphenyl ethane,DBDPE)的大量应用,它已经广泛存在于各种环境介质中,具有潜在的生物毒性。为了探究DBDPE影响血糖代谢水平的具体作用机制,应用DS3.5软件将其与部分血糖内分泌蛋白受体进行分子对接,并利用DBDPE类似物来构建三维定量构效关系(3D-QSAR)模型,预测出DBDPE的半最大效应浓度的负对数值(-log EC50)为5.86。结果表明,DBDPE是通过与部分血糖内分泌受体(雌激素受体、甲状腺激素受体和孕激素受体)结合而影响血糖代谢水平的。另外,根据构建模型,可以预测类似DBDPE的未知内分泌干扰物的活性数据。这些为认识DBDPE在机体内的作用机制、全面评价它的生态风险提供了理论依据。     

北京市部分地区大气气溶胶中多环芳烃污染特征及污染源探讨

对北京市不同功能区在不同季节大气气溶胶中多环芳烃污染特征及污染源进行了探讨。在石景山、前门、农展馆、十三陵等地区的气溶胶有机污染物中均检测出EPA优先控制的16种多环芳烃。在一年中，冬季有机污染物浓度大约为春季或夏季的10倍左右，夏季有机污染程度最低。冬季（12月24日）大气中强致癌的多环芳烃BaP在所有地区均超过国家标准（10ng/m^3），农展馆地区超标2.5倍，前门地区超标5倍，石景山地区超标7．5倍，这些有机污染物主要来源于煤的不完全燃烧，也有相当部分来源于汽车尾气排放。     

Occurrence and fate of PPCPs and correlations with water quality parameters in urban riverine waters of the Pearl River Delta, South China

The occurrence and fate of eight PPCPs was studied in river waters from upstream to downstream of the three rivers in the Pearl River Delta, China. The correlations of PPCP levels and water quality parameters were also investigated. The analytes of the highest concentrations were caffeine, acetaminophen, and ciprofloxacin. Carbamazepine and erythromycin-H₂O were detected at the lowest concentrations. The highest concentrations of PPCPs were found in the Shijing River, with 865 ng/L caffeine, 339 ng/L acetaminophen, and 304 ng/L ciprofloxacin. In general, the levels of PPCPs in the Zhujiang River were higher at sites where the metropolitan city Guangzhou is located and decreased from the epicenter along the river. Low levels of PPCPs were generally found in the Beijiang River. Positive correlations were found between PPCP levels, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and cumulative fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) volume. Among the four PPCPs evaluated (caffeine, acetaminophen, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole), caffeine had the best correlations with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.62 to 0.98. The prediction of PPCP concentrations at specified locations can be substantially simplified.     

华北地区下古生界海相碳酸盐岩二次生烃作用机理研究

我国下古生界海相碳酸盐岩中有机质由于形成时间早，经历了漫长的地质历史演化，一部分有机质深埋已形成了烃类，由于后期构造运动抬升则停止了生烃过程，但当再次深埋时，源岩干酪根受热温度超过一次生烃温度时，源岩又开始第二次生烃。本文对我国古老的下古生界海相碳酸盐岩的二次生烃作用及其机理进行了较为详尽的研究。     

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus and ambient temperature: a critical review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought unprecedented public health, and social and economic challenges. It remains unclear...     

改良型装配式人工湿地处理北京市城乡结合部污水的研究

适当的水力条件是实现人工湿地处理目标和正常运行的基本保证。人工湿地水力停留时间较长是最为突出的一个问题,它直接导致了系统处理能力偏小。针对这个问题,本文采用改良型装配式人工湿地,进行了停留时间的试验研究。结果表明,在停留时间为4 d的条件下,COD的平均去除率为87.54%,NH4+-N的平均去除率为37.08%,TN的平均去除率为31.9%。     

利用双金刚烷指标研究下古生界海相碳酸盐岩的热成熟度

金刚烷类化合物是一类具有重要地球化学意义的结构特殊的化合物。其中的双金刚烷系列化合物尤为重要，本文建立的双金刚烷成熟度指标X(MD)与镜质组反射率具有良好的相关关系，利用该成熟度指标可以解决高演化阶段判定烃源岩和原油成熟度等难题。对于缺乏镜质体的下古生界海相碳酸盐烃源岩，利用该指标判定成熟度就显得尤为重要。     

Optimization of H2O2 dosage in microwave-H2O2 process for sludge pretreatment with uniform design method

A microwave-H₂O₂ process for sludge pretreatment exhibited high efficiencies of releasing organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus, but large quantities of H₂O₂ residues were detected. A uniform design method was thus employed in this study to further optimize H₂O₂ dosage by investigating effects of pH and H₂O₂ dosage on the amount of H₂O₂ residue and releases of organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus. A regression model was established with pH and H₂O₂ dosage as the independent variables, and H₂O₂ residue and releases of organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus as the dependent variables. In the optimized microwave-H₂O₂ process, the pH value of the sludge was firstly adjusted to 11.0, then the sludge was heated to 80℃ and H₂O₂ was dosed at a H₂O₂:mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) ratio of 0.2, and the sludge was finally heated to 100℃ by microwave irradiation. Compared to the microwave-H₂O₂ process without optimization, the H₂O₂ dosage and the utilization rate of H₂O₂ in the optimized microwave-H₂O₂ process were reduced by 80% and greatly improved by 3.87 times, respectively, when the H₂O₂:MLSS dosage ratio was decreased from 1.0 to 0.2, resulting in nearly the same release rate of soluble chemical oxygen demand in the microwave-H₂O₂ process without optimization at H₂O₂:MLSS ratio of 0.5.