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51.
Sarah L. Close Franco Montalto Philip Orton Adrienne Antoine Danielle Peters Hunter Jones 《Local Environment》2017,22(4):508-522
In the wake of Hurricane Sandy and other recent extreme events, urban coastal communities in the northeast region of the United States are beginning or stepping up efforts to integrate climate adaptation and resilience into long-term coastal planning. Natural and nature-based shoreline strategies have emerged as essential components of coastal resilience and are frequently cited by practitioners, scientists, and the public for the wide range of ecosystem services they can provide. However, there is limited quantitative information associating particular urban shoreline design strategies with specific levels of ecosystem service provision, and research on this issue is not always aligned with decision context and decision-maker needs. Engagement between the research community, local government officials and sustainability practitioners, and the non-profit and private sectors can help bridge these gaps. A workshop to bring together these groups discussed research gaps and challenges in integrating ecosystem services into urban sustainability planning in the urban northeast corridor. Many themes surfaced repeatedly throughout workshop deliberations, including the challenges associated with ecosystem service valuation, the transferability of research and case studies within and outside the region, and the opportunity for urban coastal areas to be a focal point for education and outreach efforts related to ecosystem services. 相似文献
52.
An account of histo-cytological and ultrastructural studies on ozone effect on crop and forest species in Italy is given, with emphasis on induced cell death and the underlying mechanisms. Cell death phenomena possibly due to ambient O3 were recorded in crop and forest species. In contrast, visible O3 effects on Mediterranean vegetation are often unclear. Microscopy is thus suggested as an effective tool to validate and evaluate O3 injury to Mediterranean vegetation. A DAB-Evans blue staining was proposed to validate O3 symptoms at the microscopic level and for a pre-visual diagnosis of O3 injury. The method has been positively tested in some of the most important crop species, such as wheat, tomato, bean and onion and, with some restriction, in forest species, and it also allows one to gain some very useful insights into the mechanisms at the base of O3 sensitivity or tolerance. 相似文献
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Professor Pierpaolo Mastroiacovo Alberto Eugenio Tozzi Silvano Agosti Giancarlo Bocchino Luciano Bovicelli Leda Dalprà Laura Doria Laba Carbone Mario Lituania Angelica Luttichau Franco Mantegazza Gianfranco Nocera Antonio Pachi Ubaldo Passamonti Giuseppe Piombo Anna Franca Vasta 《黑龙江环境通报》1993,13(11):1051-1056
A retrospective cohort study was performed in five Italian obstetrical centres from 1984 to 1991 in order to verify the association between chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and transverse limb reduction defects (TLRDs). TLRD rates by period of gestation at CVS were calculated, and the study's results were compared with data from the general population. Of the 3430 pregnancies for which CVS was performed, 2759 had a known outcome. The overall rate for TLRDs was 1 in 1143 CVS pregnancies, four times higher than that of the general population in Italy (1 in 4458). The rate of TLRDs was 2·9/1000 for CVS performed at 9 weeks' gestation and 1·0/1000 for CVS at 10 weeks' gestation. A scalp defect was detected in a pregnancy in which CVS was performed at 10 weeks. A high proportion of pregnancies lost to follow-up and the poor quality of the data may have affected the results. Nevertheless, our results suggest an association between CVS carried out at less than 10 weeks' gestation and TLRDs which is consistent with the findings of other studies. CVS should not be prepared at less than 10 weeks' gestation until additional evidence is obtained. 相似文献
56.
Ricardo A. Correia Aldina M. A. Franco Jorge M. Palmeirim 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2018,23(3):371-386
Climate change will impact forest ecosystems, their biodiversity and the livelihoods they sustain. Several adaptation and mitigation strategies to counteract climate change impacts have been proposed for these ecosystems. However, effective implementation of such strategies requires a clear understanding of how climate change will influence the future distribution of forest ecosystems. This study uses maximum entropy modelling (MaxEnt) to predict environmentally suitable areas for cork oak (Quercus suber) woodlands, a socio-economically important forest ecosystem protected by the European Union Habitats Directive. Specifically, we use two climate change scenarios to predict changes in environmental suitability across the entire geographical range of the cork oak and in areas where stands were recently established. Up to 40 % of current environmentally suitable areas for cork oak may be lost by 2070, mainly in northern Africa and southern Iberian Peninsula. Almost 90 % of new cork oak stands are predicted to lose suitability by the end of the century, but future plantations can take advantage of increasing suitability in northern Iberian Peninsula and France. The predicted impacts cross-country borders, showing that a multinational strategy, will be required for cork oak woodland adaptation to climate change. Such a strategy must be regionally adjusted, featuring the protection of refugia sites in southern areas and stimulating sustainable forest management in areas that will keep long-term suitability. Afforestation efforts should also be promoted but must consider environmental suitability and land competition issues. 相似文献
57.
Franco Lucarelli Pier Andrea Mand Silvia Nava Marina Valerio Paolo Prati Alessandro Zucchiatti 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,65(1-2):165-173
An extensive investigation is in progress aiming at the characterisation of the air particulate composition in Florence. For our investigation, we use the external PIXE-PIGE beam facility of the I.N.F.N. Van de Graaff accelerator at the Physics Department of the Florence University. In order to gather information on both the longer- and shorter-time trends of the aerosol elemental composition, we are analysing both long temporal series (about 1 year) of 24-h Millipore filters collected by the health authorities in 3 different sites, and filters collected simultaneously in two of the above sites for about one month, by two streakers with one-hour resolution, providing size fractionation between particle size smaller than 2.5 µm and from 2.5 µm to 10 µm. The streakers sampling period includes two days during which the Municipality of Florence has banned the circulation of non-catalytic cars, due to the increase of NO2 above the "recommended safety values". We present here the first obtained results for the sampling site located near a heavy traffic road. 相似文献
58.
Debora Puglia Franco Dominici José Maria Kenny Carlo Santulli Catia Governatori Giacomo Tosti Paolo Benincasa 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2016,24(1):37-47
The production of bioplastics directly from wheat flour has been demonstrated to be reliable, but scarce knowledge is available on how flour characteristics may affect the performance of thermoplastic films. In this work, we first established the most suitable recipe and process for the production of extruded films and then we used eight single-cultivar wheat flours with different baking technological properties to assess how they affect the mechanical properties of thermoplastic films. The results have shown that flours from soft grain cultivars offered more rigid and deformable films than flours from hard grain cultivars. For similar hardness, the alveographic P/L ratio of the dough was inversely related to rigidity and directly related to deformability of plastic films, while the deformation energy of the dough (W) played a role only for great differences of it. The subsequent fabrication of blends between each of the flours that yielded the best film properties and polycaprolactone (PCL) at different proportions indicated that a wheat flour/PCL ratio (TWF/PCL) of 75/25 offered the most suitable films for further application. Our results are likely to be useful for improving the plasticization of flour, in that selection of wheat flours could be tailored on the properties desired for the bioplastic films. 相似文献
59.
Marina Monini Edoardo Vignolo Giovanni Ianiro Fabio Ostanello Franco Maria Ruggeri Ilaria Di Bartolo 《Food and environmental virology》2016,8(4):283-288
Torque teno viruses (TTV) are small DNA viruses widespread among humans and pigs. The clinical significance of TTV infections in either humans or pigs is uncertain. In fact, TTV viremia is highly prevalent in patients with different pathologies, but it can also be frequently observed in healthy subjects. Virus infection in pigs is considered a putative cofactor in several diseases; despite being detected frequently in healthy animals, its role still remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) in 62 bile samples collected from pigs at slaughterhouse and in 36 fresh pork liver sausages bought at point of sale. Quantitative Real-Time PCR, confirmed that 19.4 and 58.3 % of bile and sausage samples tested positive for TTSuV, respectively. The mean viral load was established as 5.6 × 104 GE/µl for bile and 7.16 × 103 GE/g for sausages. TTSuV nucleotide sequence analysis confirmed a wide heterogeneity among the circulating TTSuV strains, which included both TTSuV1 and TTSuV2. 相似文献
60.
Groundwater in the central part of Argentina contains arsenic concentrations that, in most cases, exceed the value suggested
by international regulations. In this region, Quaternary loessical sediments with a very high volcanic glass fraction lixiviate
arsenic and fluoride after weathering. The objectives of this study are to analyze the spatial distribution of arsenic in
different hydrogeological regions, to define the naturally expected concentration in an aquifer by means of hydrogeochemistry
studies, and to identify emergent health evidences related to cancer mortality in the study area. The correlation between
arsenic and fluoride concentrations in groundwater is analyzed at each county in the Cordoba Province. Two dimensionless geoindicators
are proposed to identify risk zones and to rapidly visualize the groundwater quality related to the presence of arsenic and
fluoride. A surface-mapping system is used to identify the spatial variability of concentrations and for suggesting geoindicators.
The results show that the Chaco-Pampean plain hydrogeologic region is the most affected area, with arsenic and fluoride concentrations
in groundwater being generally higher than the values suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water.
Mortality related to kidney, lung, liver, and skin cancer in this area could be associated to the ingestion of arsenic-contaminated
water. Generated maps provide a base for the assessment of the risk associated to the natural occurrence of arsenic and fluoride
in the region. 相似文献