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101.
Guleda Onkal Engin Nilufer Ömürlü Mehmet Salim Öncel 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(2):132-137
Increase in waste sludge disposal is always seen as a problem from the point of production industry. However, it is clear that the reuse and recycle of sewage sludge could be a serious economic input. The most important action should be to determine the sludge characterizations and direct the producers towards appropriate reuse and recycling opportunities. In this study, reuse method was examined to produce coal briquette, which will constitute an example for waste sludge. In order to make use of the waste sludge, five different coal briquette samples were produced by mixing powdered coal and bitumen together with waste sludge, at different ratios. The overall results indicated that the sample named CB3 having 70% powdered coal, 20% waste sludge, and 10% bitumen was found to be the optimum coal briquette among the other samples produced. The proximate analysis of the optimum briquette sample was carried out according to the Turkish standards and regulations and it was found out that the produced briquette coal can have commercial value with a gross calorific value of 30.03 MJ/kg and 7.30% ash content. 相似文献
102.
Elvira Bocos Nihal Oturan Marta Pazos M. Ángeles Sanromán Mehmet A. Oturan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(19):19134-19144
The removal of radiocontrast agent diatrizoic acid (DIA) from water was performed using photo-Fenton (PF) process. First, the effect of H2O2 dosage on mineralization efficiency was determined using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The system reached a maximum mineralization degree of 60 % total organic carbon (TOC) removal at 4 h with 20 mM initial H2O2 concentration while further concentration values led to a decrease in TOC abatement efficiency. Then, the effect of different concentrations of Fenton’s reagents was studied for homogeneous Fenton process. Obtained results revealed that 0.25 mM Fe3+ and 20 mM H2O2 were the best conditions, achieving 80 % TOC removal efficiency at 4 h treatment. Furthermore, heterogeneous PF treatment was developed using iron-activated carbon as catalyst. It was demonstrated that this catalyst is a promising option, reaching 67 % of TOC removal within 4 h treatment without formation of iron leachate in the medium. In addition, two strategies of enhancement for process efficiency are proposed: coupling of PF with electro-Fenton (EF) process in two ways: photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) or PF followed by EF (PF-EF) treatments, achieving in both cases the complete mineralization of DIA solution within only 2 h. Finally, the Microtox tests revealed the formation of more toxic compounds than the initial DIA during PF process, while, it was possible to reach total mineralization by both proposed alternatives (PEF or PF-EF) and thus to remove the toxicity of DIA solution. 相似文献
103.
Ling Feng Nihal Oturan Eric D. van Hullebusch Giovanni Esposito Mehmet A. Oturan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(14):8406-8416
The electrochemical degradation of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen in tap water has been studied using electro-Fenton (EF) and anodic oxidation (AO) processes with platinium (Pt) and boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes and carbon felt cathode. Fast degradation of the parent drug molecule and its degradation intermediates leading to complete mineralization was achieved by BDD/carbon felt, Pt/carbon felt, and AO with BDD anode. The obtained results showed that oxidative degradation rate of ketoprofen and mineralization of its aqueous solution increased by increasing applied current. Degradation kinetics fitted well to a pseudo-first-order reaction. Absolute rate constant of the oxidation of ketoprofen by electrochemically generated hydroxyl radicals was determined to be (2.8?±?0.1)?×?109 M?1 s?1 by using competition kinetic method. Several reaction intermediates such as 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, pyrogallol, catechol, benzophenone, benzoic acid, and hydroquinone were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. The formation, identification, and evolution of short-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids like formic, acetic, oxalic, glycolic, and glyoxylic acids were monitored with ion exclusion chromatography. Based on the identified aromatic/cyclic intermediates and carboxylic acids as end products before mineralization, a plausible mineralization pathway was proposed. The evolution of the toxicity during treatments was also monitored using Microtox method, showing a faster detoxification with higher applied current values. 相似文献
104.
Melek Er Osman Tugay Mehmet Musa Özcan Deniz Ulukuş Fahad AL-Juhaimi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(6):5193-5198
Antioxidant capacity, total phenol and mineral contents of aerial parts of sage belonging to some Salvia species were established. The lowest and highest antioxidant values of Salvia dichroantha Stapf and Salvia heldreichiana Boiss. ex Benth. extracts were found as 73.855 and 80.207 mg GAE/g, respectively. While the highest total phenol was established in Salvia tomentosa Mil. (13.316 mg GAE/100 ml), the lowest level was found in Salvia halophila Hedge (6.168 mg GAE/100 ml). While K contents of plants changed between 14,518 and 24,171 mg/kg, Ca contents ranged between 12,402 and 18,553 mg/kg. P and Mg contents were found low compared with K and P values of plants. Mg content was changed between 2,118 and 2,914 mg/kg; the mean was calculated as 2,496 mg/kg. P contents of plants were determined between 1,385 to 1,910 mg/kg. As a microelement, Fe was found at the highest level. Fe contents of plants were found between 179 and 782 mg/kg. 相似文献
105.
The study presents a new methodology to quantify spatiotemporal dynamics of climate change vulnerability at a regional scale adopting a new conceptual model of vulnerability as a function of climate change impacts, ecological stability, and socioeconomic stability. Spatiotemporal trends of equally weighted proxy variables for the three vulnerability components were generated to develop a composite climate change vulnerability index (CCVI) for a Mediterranean region of Turkey combining Landsat time series data, digital elevation model (DEM)-derived data, ordinary kriging, and geographical information system. Climate change impact was based on spatiotemporal trends of August land surface temperature (LST) between 1987 and 2016. Ecological stability was based on DEM, slope, aspect, and spatiotemporal trends of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), while socioeconomic stability was quantified as a function of spatiotemporal trends of land cover, population density, per capita gross domestic product, and illiteracy. The zones ranked on the five classes of no-to-extreme vulnerability were identified where highly and moderately vulnerable lands covered 0.02% (12 km2) and 11.8% (6374 km2) of the study region, respectively, mostly occurring in the interior central part. The adoption of this composite CCVI approach is expected to lead to spatiotemporally dynamic policy recommendations towards sustainability and tailor preventive and mitigative measures to locally specific characteristics of coupled ecological–socioeconomic systems. 相似文献
106.
Senkal O Yıldız BY Şahin M Pestemalcı V 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(1):141-147
Precipitable water (PW) is an important atmospheric variable for climate system calculation. Local monthly mean PW values were measured by daily radiosonde observations for the time period from 1990 to 2006. Artificial neural network (ANN) method was applied for modeling and prediction of mean precipitable water data in Çukurova region, south of Turkey. We applied Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) learning algorithm and logistic sigmoid transfer function in the network. In order to train our neural network we used data of Adana station, which are assumed to give a general idea about the precipitable water of Çukurova region. Thus, meteorological and geographical data (altitude, temperature, pressure, and humidity) were used in the input layer of the network for Çukurova region. Precipitable water was the output. Correlation coefficient (R2) between the predicted and measured values for monthly mean daily sum with LM method values was found to be 94.00% (training), 91.84% (testing), respectively. The findings revealed that the ANN-based prediction technique for estimating PW values is as effective as meteorological radiosonde observations. In addition, the results suggest that ANN method values be used so as to predict the precipitable water. 相似文献
107.
The rate of heavy metal pollution in some minor fruit samples growing at roadsides in Turkey were determined by inductively
coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The mineral contents of samples were found to be different depending
on the several parts Citrus fruits. The highest minor and heavy metal levels for Citrus fruits were determined between 17.24 and 45.30 mg/kg boron, 2.08 and 15.05 mg/kg copper, 1.01 and 16.00 mg/kg iron and 2.35
and 9.87 mg/kg zinc. Boron content ranged from 16.54 mg/kg (Deveci pear inner pulp) to 89.89 mg/kg (Arjantin apple outer skin).
The level of Fe ranged from 1.49 mg/kg (quince pulp) to 25.05 mg/kg (Ankara pear pulp). Cu content of fruits ranged between
2.52 mg/kg (Fuji apple skin) and 25.93 mg/kg quince skin). Zn content was found between 0.46 mg/kg (Golden apple pulp) and
14.34 mg/kg (quince skin). P contents ranged from 651 mg/kg (Golden apple pulp) to 1269 mg/kg (quince skin). Na was found
between 500 mg/kg (Fuji apple skin) and 907 mg/kg (Arjantin apple skin). 相似文献
108.
109.
Huseyin Serencam Duygu Ozdes Celal Duran Mehmet Tufekci 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(7):6003-6011
The abundantly available industrial waste product Morus alba L. pomace (MAP) is one of the cost-effective biosorbent for removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to test the ability of MAP to remove Cd(II) ions through batch biosorption process. Firstly, MAP was characterized using several techniques, and then the influence of various experimental parameters such as initial pH of the aqueous solution, initial Cd(II) concentration, contact time, MAP concentration, and temperature were evaluated upon the biosorption process. It was found that the maximum uptake of Cd(II) ions occurred at initial pH 6.0 and optimum contact time was observed as 60 min. Cd(II) ions adsorption on MAP analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the maximum monolayer biosorption capacity of MAP was found to be 21.69 mg?g?1 by using the Langmuir isotherm model. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models were employed to describe the biosorption kinetics. In order to investigate the thermodynamic properties of the biosorption process, the changes in the Gibbs free energy (?G), enthalpy (?H), and entropy (?S) were also evaluated and it has been concluded that the process was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic in the temperature range of 5–40 °C. 相似文献
110.
Mehmet Musa Özcan Nesim Dursun Fahad Y. AL Juhaimi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(10):8393-8397
Micro element and heavy metal contents of mushrooms were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). It was seen an increase in the heavy metal contents (except Cu and Zn) of the mushrooms until the second dose. A decrease was seen in heavy metal intake of the mushroom in the application of the third dose. The highest accumulation occurred from the upper soils treated with the second dose. Amounts of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn, which were accumulated in the mushroom after the application of this dose, were detected as 5.7, 23.1, 75.7, 62.8 and 99.3 ppm, respectively. 相似文献