A novel sequence batch membrane carbonation photobioreactor developed for microalgae cultivation

A novel SBM-C-PBR was constructed for microalgae cultivation. Membrane fouling was greatly mitigated by membrane carbonation. NH₄⁺ and P removal rates were around 80% in SBM-C-PBR. Biomass was completely retained by membrane. In this study, a novel sequence batch membrane carbonation photobioreactor was developed for microalgae cultivation. Herein, membrane module was endowed functions as microalgae retention and CO₂ carbonation. The results in the batch experiments expressed that the relatively optimal pore size of membranes was 30 nm, photosynthetically active radiation was 36 W/m² and the CO₂ concentration was 10% (v/v). In long-term cultivation, the microalgal concentration separately accumulated up to 1179.0 mg/L and 1296.4 mg/L in two periods. The concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids were increased about 23.2, 14.9 and 6.3 mg/L respectively in period I; meanwhile, the accumulation was about 25.0, 14.5, 6.6 mg/L respectively in the period II. Furthermore, the pH was kept about 5.5–7.5 due to intermittent carbonation mode, which was suitable for the growth of microalgae. Transmembrane pressure (TMP) was only increased by 0.19 and 0.16 bar in the end of periods I and II, respectively. The pure flux recovered to 75%–80% of the original value by only hydraulic cleaning. Scanning electron microscope images also illustrated that carbonation through membrane module could mitigate fouling levels greatly.     

Comparison of CNT-PVA membrane and commercial polymeric membranes in treatment of emulsified oily wastewater

CNT-PVA membrane was fabricated and compared with polymeric membranes. The separation performance was evaluated by homemade and cutting fluid emulsions. The three membranes show similar oil retention rates. CNT-PVA membranes have higher permeation fluxes compared with polymeric membranes. CNT-PVA membrane shows higher fouling resistance. Membrane separation is an attractive technique for removal of emulsified oily wastewater. However, polymeric membranes which dominate the current market usually suffer from severe membrane fouling. Therefore, membranes with high fouling resistance are imperative to treat emulsified oily wastewater. In this study, carbon nanotube-polyvinyl alcohol (CNT-PVA) membrane was fabricated. And its separation performance for emulsified oily wastewater was compared with two commercial polymeric membranes (PVDF membrane and PES membrane) by filtration of two homemade emulsions and one cutting fluid emulsion. The results show that these membranes have similar oil retention efficiencies for the three emulsions. Whereas, the permeation flux of CNT-PVA membrane is 1.60 to 3.09 times of PVDF membrane and 1.41 to 11.4 times of PES membrane, respectively. Moreover, after five consecutive operation circles of filtration process and back flush, CNT-PVA membrane can recover 62.3% to 72.9% of its initial pure water flux. However, the pure water flux recovery rates are only 24.1% to 35.3% for PVDF membrane and 6.0% to 26.3% for PES membrane, respectively. Therefore, CNT-PVA membrane are more resistant to oil fouling compared with the two polymeric membranes, showing superior potential in treatment of emulsified oily wastewater.     

Carbon nanotubes-incorporated MIL-88B-Fe as highly efficient Fenton-like catalyst for degradation of organic pollutants

CNTs were incorporated into MIL-88B-Fe to get a new Fenton-like catalyst (C@M). Fe(II) was introduced in C@M to get a fast initiation of Fenton-like reaction. Fe(II) content in C@M was related with oxygen-containing functional groups on CNTs. C@M shows efficient catalytic degradation of pollutants over a wide pH range. Iron-based metal organic frameworks have been verified to be efficient heterogeneous Fenton catalysts due to their open pore channels and highly uniform distribution of metallic centers. In these catalysts, however, the iron element is mainly in the form of Fe(III), which results in a process required to reduce Fe(III) to Fe(II) to initiate Fenton reaction. To address this problem, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with electron-rich oxygen-functional groups on the surface were incorporated into the metal organic frameworks (MIL-88B-Fe) to improve Fe(II) content for an enhanced Fenton-like performance. The prepared CNT@MIL-88B-Fe (C@M) showed much stronger catalytic ability toward H₂O₂ than MIL-88B-Fe. The pseudo-first-order kinetic constant for phenol degradation by C@M (0.32 min^–1) was about 7 times that of MIL-88B-Fe, and even higher than or comparable to the values of reported heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts. Moreover, the Fenton-like system could effectively degrade various kinds of refractory organic pollutants and exhibited excellent catalytic activity over a wide pH range (4–9). XPS analysis confirmed that Fe(II) content of the catalyst gradually increased with CNT loadings. Electron spin resonance analysis showed that the signal intensity (•OH) of C@M was much higher than MIL-88B-Fe, which was consistent with the degradation efficiency of pollutants. Furthermore, the Fe(II) content of the catalyst gradually increased along with the oxygen-functional group content of CNTs. The result demonstrated that oxygen-containing functional groups of CNTs have a significant impact on the enhanced catalytic performance of C@M. This study provides a new insight to enhance Fenton reaction by using nanocarbon materials.     

Do trace metal(loid)s in road soils pose health risks to tourists? A case of a highly-visited national park in China

Nowadays, more people tend to spend their recreational time in large national parks, and trace metal(loid)s in soils have attracted long-term attention due to their possible harm to human health. To investigate the pollution levels, potential sources and health risks of trace metal(loid)s in road soils, a total of eight trace metal(loid)s (including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg) from 47 soil samples along roads were studied in the Huangshan National Park in Southeast China. The results showed that the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg appeared different degrees of pollution compared with their corresponding background values. According to the pollution indices, Hg and Cd were recognized as significant pollutants presenting moderate to high ecological risk. Combining principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization model, the results showed that traffic, industrial, agricultural and natural sources were the potential origins of trace metal(loid)s in this area, with contribution rates of 39.93%, 25.92%, 10.53% and 23.62%, respectively. Non-carcinogenic risks were all negligible, while the carcinogenic risk of As was higher than the limit (1 $\times$ 10⁻⁶). Moreover, children were more susceptible to trace metal(loid)s by ingestion which appeared to be a more important exposure pathway than dermal contact and inhalation. The contribution rates of different sources to non-carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks were similar among children and adults, while traffic and industrial sources have a significant impact on health risks. This study will give more insights to control the environmental risks of trace metal(loid)s in national parks.     

CQDs/g-C3N4的制备及其光催化降解四环素性能

以三聚氰胺为原料,通过煅烧制得石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4),以柠檬酸和尿素作为碳量子点(CQDs)的碳源,采用水热法制备出CQDs/g-C3N4复合光催化材料.通过FESEM、FETEM、XRD、XPS、UV-vis对材料的形貌结构进行了表征,研究了其在可见光下降解盐酸四环素性能和机制.结果表明,CQDs的负载增强了材...     

Magnetic graphene-based nanocomposites as highly efficient absorbents for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Due to the merits of their high adsorption and convenient separation, magnetic graphene-based composites have become a promising adsorbent in terms of...     

System dynamic analysis of construction waste recycling industry chain in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the acceleration of China’s urbanization process, construction activities have led to a substantial increase in construction waste....     

基于高通量测序的OMS-2对序批式反应器系统微生物群落的影响

随着纳米材料的广泛应用,越来越多的纳米材料随着废水进入污水处理厂,纳米材料对污水生物处理系统的潜在影响越来越受到重视。探讨了氧化锰八面体分子筛(manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve, OMS-2)纳米颗粒对序批式反应器(sequencing batch reactor,SBR)中活性污泥微生物群落结构的影响;以活性艳红X-3B溶液模拟印染废水,将不同浓度的OMS-2混入稳定运行的SBR中,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序分析技术,对不同SBR中微生物分布规律进行了研究。结果表明:SBR添加0.25 g·L~(-1)的OMS-2后,其COD去除率和脱色率分别提升了6%和13.6%;Illumina MiSeq高通量测序显示,在混入0.25 g·L~(-1)的OMS-2后,SBR内污泥菌群中拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的微生物DNA序列操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units,OTU)分别增加了16.8%和96.4%,这2类菌种可能提升了SBR降解有机污染物的能力;不同浓度的OMS-2改变了菌群的多样性和结构,低浓度的OMS-2可以提升微生物菌群的多样性和改变菌群的结构。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明,OMS-2在SBR中存在锰(Ⅳ)/锰(Ⅲ)转变为锰(Ⅱ)的氧化还原反应,该过程可能影响了菌群的组成。研究为纳米材料的实际应用和环境风险提供了参考。     

CASS工艺园区污水处理厂提标改造为AAO+三级处理工艺后的运行效果对比分析

为深入落实长江大保护政策,对南京经济技术开发区污水处理厂实施了提标改造。提标工艺为粗细格栅+曝气沉砂池+AAO+高效沉淀池+滤布滤池+消毒。结果表明:在该工艺运行过程中,进水可部分选择性地或全部越过厌氧池进入缺氧池,从而强化反硝化脱氮;在好氧池池末端前置投加除磷药剂,不仅可去除一定的COD和TP,还有强化二沉池污泥压缩、泥水分离的效果;借助碳源投加可提高来水可生化性;增加一套占地面积小、处理效果稳定的高效沉淀池+滤布滤池+消毒三级处理工艺,可控制出水水质,使其持续稳定达标;提标后出水COD、TP、TN、NH_3-N、SS的平均质量浓度分别由37.9、0.323、11.18、1.94、19 mg·L~(-1)降低至22.3、0.029、4.55、0.08、3 mg·L~(-1),污水直接处理成本由0.47元·t~(-1)增加到0.78元·t~(-1);提标后出水水质稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准,部分指标满足《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅳ类水标准要求。该提标改造项目的实施经济效益可行、社会效益显著,可为同类型污水处理厂提标改造工作提供参考。