Range of ecological impact of highway construction in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region, China

The major features of different road sections were identified. Methods quantitatively determining the ecological impact of highway construction were discussed, and a demonstration was presented. The Dabao highway (from Dali to Baoshan) and the Sixiao highway (from Simao to Xiaomengyang) passing through the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region were used as examples in this paper. For the normal road sections having no important species to protect, a method of ecosystem health assessment was introduced to calculate the overall range of the ecological impact of highway construction. For the road sections having plants or soils of interest, indexes were selected and the range of impact was determined using mathematical methods such as regression analysis and variance analysis. The range of impact on animal populations was also discussed in terms of the minimum living areas required by animal populations and the fragmentation caused by highway construction. The results indicate that the zones impacted by highway construction were composed of both regular and anomalous figures, the range of impacts for different landforms of the two sample highways were substantially different; highway construction had dramatic effects on roadside ecosystem health; the impact on soil factors of farmland was greater than 200 m, and the distance may exceed 1000 m when important large animals were considered.     

唐海县咸(海)水入侵调查与防治方法探讨

随着高耗水农业的快速发展,城镇人口的急剧增加,加上持续的干旱,唐海县地下水长期处于超采状态,引起上覆咸水侵染地下淡水。分析1989—1998与2008年深层地下水氯离子浓度变化、1981—2007年咸水顶板埋深变化以及全县工农业布局,将唐海县划分为咸(海)水入侵的高度敏感区、较敏感区、一般敏感区和不敏感区,并进一步提出遏制咸(海)水入侵的措施。     

离子膜辅助电催化氧化法预处理焦化废水的研究

焦化废水是属有毒有害、难降解的有机废水,常规的生物处理工艺对其去除效果不甚理想,从而导致出水中难降解污染物含量较高,COD和NH3-N不能达标。论文针对焦化废水的水质特点,采用离子膜电解技术进行预处理。对焦化废水中主要污染物苯酚降解效果的几种因素进行了研究,得出了苯酚降解的最佳工艺条件并在此工艺参数下,对模拟焦化废水电解2.5h,苯酚、COD的去除率分别为84%,45%,氨氮去除率和回收率别为99.5%和96.5%,总能耗27kwh/m3,可以为后续生化处理大大减轻负担,采用该方法作为焦化废水的预处理手段比较经济合理。     

锑矿区酸性岩排水产生潜力预测研究

酸性岩排水(ARD)潜力预测研究对于预防、控制和治理金属矿山环境污染问题具有重要意义。本文应用酸碱估算法(ABA)和净产酸测试法(NAG),对贵州独山半坡锑矿区的19个代表性样品进行了产酸潜力评价,并应用各种分类标准对样品进行产酸能力分类。研究结果表明,所有的(废)矿石样品都具有产酸潜力(PAF),需要对(废)矿石进行有效的防控,以阻止酸性岩排水的产生。围岩样品的产酸潜力取决于采样点,尾矿样品没有产酸潜力(NAF)。ABA和NAG测试结果表明NAPP和NAGpH分类评价法适用于本研究区内样品ARD的预测评估。     

宏观市场环境对BOT模式投资污水处理行业的影响研究

污水处理BOT投资模式是一种国际流行的公共基础设施建设融资方式。鉴于国内污水处理市场化程度较低、污水处理率及处理效率不高等压力,政府正通过调整行业政策,不断鼓励社会资本以BOT模式进入污水处理行业。污水处理市场前景与商机方面,中国污水处理市场发展空间巨大。市场环境方面,宏观经济发展速度对污水处理行业发展的影响不大;中国各项产业政策均有利于污水处理市场化发展;而且行业综合风险较低。投资收益方面,市政公用设施的性质特点,决定了污水处理行业投资收益率不高但长期稳定。总结来看,宏观市场环境将越来越有利于以BOT模式投资污水处理市场,BOT模式投资是可行的。     

新加坡环境保护的主要经验及其对中国的启示

文章从四大方面介绍了新加坡环境保护的主要经验：强烈的环保意识和环境危机感;完备的法律制度、严格的执法手段与高普及度的国民环保教育;健全的机构、合理的规划、高额的投入;有效的政企合作和合理的市场化运作模式;接着总结出对中国的四点启示,以期为中国落实科学发展观、进行生态文明建设及实施环境保护与管理提供参考与借鉴。     

静脉产业类生态工业园区的建设方法分析

静脉产业类生态工业园区运用先进的技术,将生产和消费过程中产生的废物资源化,是中国循环经济建设的重点领域之一。但是中国现有的静脉产业类生态工业园区尚处于创建阶段,没有形成规模化发展,因此可以在建设过程中借鉴日本、德国等发达国家的成功经验,探索适合中国国情的建设模式。本文通过分析静脉产业类生态工业因区在生产原料、生产过程和产品销售方面的主要影响因素以及其他国家采取的相应措施,为中国静脉产业类生态工业园区的建设提出建议。     

A mini-microbial fuel cell for voltage testing of exoelectrogenic bacteria

Current methods for testing the electricity generation capacity of isolates are time- and labor-consuming. This paper presents a rapid voltage testing system of exoelectrogenic bacteria called Quickscreen, which is based on a microliter microbial fuel cell (MFC). Geobacter sulfurreducens and Shewanella baltica were used as the model exoelectrogenic bacteria; Escherichia coli that cannot generate electricity was used as a negative control. It was found that the electricity generation capacity of the isolates could be determined within about five hours by using Quickscreen, and that its time was relatively rapid compared with the time needed by using larger MFCs. A parallel, stable, and low background voltage was achieved using titanium as a current collector in the blank run. The external resistance had little impact on the blank run during the initial period. The cathode with a five-hole configuration, used to hydrate the carbon cathode, gave higher cathode potential than that with a one-hole configuration. Steady discharge and current interrupt methods showed that the anode mostly contributed to the large internal resistance of the Quickscreen system. However, the addition of graphite felt decreased the resistance from 18 to 5 kΩ. This device was proved to be useful to rapidly evaluate the electricity generation capacity of different bacteria.     

地表水环境的灰色聚类分析

在环境质量评价中,环境系统包含的信息是不完全的和非确定性的,因此环境系统是一个灰色系统。传统的评价方法已不能满足要求,灰色聚类分析方法正是考虑了环境系统这一特点,因此现已被成功地运用于环境质量评价中。采用灰色聚类分析对西安某河流进行评价,并运用主成分分析各年之间的污染程度以及各污染指标之间相互关系,有效地提取了信息。     

不同剂量的酒糟对盐碱土壤改良的作用

研究以松嫩平原大庆地区盐碱地为研究对象,对不同盐渍化程度的土壤施用不同剂量的酒糟,进行盐碱土改良技术研究。通过对施用不同剂量的土壤改良基质材料的土壤化学性质的分析对比,筛选出了适宜不同盐渍化程度的土壤改良基质材料的剂量。