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271.
Zhonggen Li Xinbin Feng Xiangyang Bi Guanghui Li Yan Lin Guangyi Sun 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(6):4149-4162
The horizontal and vertical distribution patterns and contamination status of ten trace metal/metalloids (Ag, Bi, Co, Cr, Ge, In, Ni, Sb, Sn, Tl) in soils around one of the largest Chinese Pb–Zn smelter in Zhuzhou City, Central China, were revealed. Different soil samples were collected from 11 areas, including ten agricultural areas and one city park area, with a total of 83 surface soil samples and six soil cores obtained. Trace metal/metalloids were determined by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry after digestion by an acid mixture of HF and HNO3. The results showed that Ag, Bi, In, Sb, Sn, and Tl contents decreased both with the distance to the Pb–Zn smelter as well as the soil depth, hinting that these elements were mainly originated from the Pb–Zn smelting operations and were introduced into soils through atmospheric deposition. Soil Ge was influenced by the smelter at a less extent, while the distributions of Co, Cr, and Ni were roughly even among most sampling sites and soil depths, suggesting that they were primarily derived from natural sources. The contamination status, as revealed by the geo-accumulation index (I geo), indicated that In and Ag were the most enriched elements, followed by Sb, Bi, and Sn. In general, Cr, Tl, Co, Ni, and Ge were of an uncontaminated status. 相似文献
272.
针对杭州西湖钱塘江引水低碳高氮的特点,提出以改性水草塘—复合垂直流人工湿地(IVCW)相耦合的生物—生态工艺进行引水处理,对该引水降氮示范工程的构建和运行效果进行了跟踪研究。结果表明,整个稳定运行期间(2012年7月19日至11月19日),耦合工艺对COD、TN、硝酸盐氮、TP的平均去除率分别为52.27%、52.49%、53.69%、52.79%,系统出水满足《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅳ标准;改性水草塘和IVCW单元作为耦合工艺的两个重要组成部分,在脱氮、除磷方面优势互补,从而共同保证出水水质的稳定;在改性水草塘单元,温度与COD的去除效果呈负相关关系,进水C/N与TN去除效果呈正相关关系;而在IVCW单元,温度与COD、TN的去除效果均呈线性正相关关系,进水C/N与两者的去除效果也呈正相关关系,且对COD的影响要大于对TN的影响。 相似文献
273.
Yunqing Pi Jinglan Feng Jingyu Sun Mengke Song Jianhui Sun 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(4):3031-3040
Oxidative degradation of ofloxacin (OFX) by sulfate free radicals (SO4 ??) in the UV/Oxone/Co2+oxidation process was investigated for the first time, with a special focus upon identifying the transformation products as well as understanding the reaction pathways. Thirteen main compounds were identified after the initial transformation of OFX; the detailed structural information of which were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry and MS fragmentation analysis. The degradation pathways mainly encompassed ring openings at both the piperazinyl substituent and the quinolone moiety, indicating that the usage of SO4 ?? aided the oxidative degradation of OFX to undergo more facile routes compared to those in previous reports by using OH?/h+ as the oxidant, where the initial transformation attacks were mainly confined to the piperazine moiety. Moreover, in this study, smart control over the pH conditions of the oxidation system via different modes of Oxone dosage resulted in the selective degradation of the functional sites of OFX molecule, where it was shown that the SO4 ??-driven destruction of the quinolone moiety of OFX molecule favored the neutral pH conditions. This would be beneficial for the reduction of bacterial resistance against quinolones in the aqueous environment. 相似文献
274.
Shipeng Dong Liang Mao Siqiang Luo Lei Zhou Yiping Feng Shixiang Gao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(3):2358-2366
Concentrations of aqueous-phase nonylphenol (NP), a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical, are shown to be reduced effectively via reaction with lignin peroxidase (LiP) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide. We systematically assessed their reaction efficiencies at varying conditions, and the results have confirmed that the catalytic performance of LiP toward NP was more efficient than that of HRP under experimental conditions. Mass spectrum analysis demonstrated that polymerization through radical–radical coupling mechanism was the pathway leading to NP transformation. Our molecular modeling with the assistance of ab initio suggested the coupling of NP likely proceeded via covalent bonding between two NP radicals at their unsubstituted carbons in phenolic rings. Data from acute immobilization tests with Daphnia confirm that NP toxicity is effectively eliminated by LiP/HRP-catalyzed NP removal. The findings in this study provide useful information for understanding LiP/HRP-mediated NP reactions, and comparison of enzymatic performance can present their advantages for up-scale applications in water/wastewater treatment. 相似文献
275.
制备了聚甲亚胺酰胺树脂,对其进行傅里叶变换红外光谱分析。采用批处理方法实验了pH、铜离子初始浓度、吸附时间、吸附剂用量对吸附量的影响,研究了等温吸附模型和吸附动力学模型。优化后的吸附条件为:在铜离子溶液体积50 mL、初始浓度为300 mg/L、pH为6.0时,吸附剂投放量50 mg、吸附时间60 min,此时吸附量达到269.1 mg/g,去除率达89.7%。25℃时在研究浓度范围内,铜离子吸附过程用Langmuir等温线模型和Freundlich等温线模型描述均可;与准一级动力学方程、Elovich方程及内扩散方程相比,准二级动力学方程能更好地描述其吸附动力学过程。 相似文献
276.
基于国家主体功能区规划的人口空间分布预测和建议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以国家主体功能区发展规划为框架,在分析国家主体功能区下人口空间分布现状及其影响因素的基础上,根据相关统计数据和最新的第六次人口普查数据,综合考虑分析了城市化率、总和生育率、死亡率、人口迁入率以及迁出率等影响因素,然后设定不同情景下的各种可能组合,预测出我国2020年、2030年、2040年、2050年优先开发区和重点开发区的人口空间分布。计算结果表明:2050年,优先开发区的长三角地区、环渤海地区和珠三角地区人口将分别达到183.57、151.68和144.03百万人;重点开发区的哈长地区、海峡西岸、北部湾地区、长江中游地区、成渝地区、关中-天水地区、中原经济区、江淮地区人口将分别达到34.526、117.028、12.147、58.896、65.560、25.075、32.372和21.613百万人。最后针对不同主体功能区提出了我国人口空间布局的战略选择和相关政策建议。 相似文献
277.
纳锋 《防灾减灾工程学报》2012,(3):23-26
为了解决输电线路改造施工时影响被跨越物正常运行的难题,在组立铁塔过程中,采用了内悬浮提升抱杆,逐步抬高中相导线,保持导线不落地施工方法,对330 kV大-固线路跨越福-银高速公路段进行改造。应用结果表明:利用2根铝合金薄壁抱杆不落线对ZM铁塔加高的施工方法,操作简单,安全可靠,大大地节约了施工费用,可在类似改造工程中推广使用。 相似文献
278.
针对110 kV瓦-隆线脱冰跳跃故障进行原因和特性分析,分别计算了(45~46)号塔,(46~47)号塔2个档段脱冰跳跃引起的档中最大振幅,在此基础上,借鉴国网公司治理架空线舞动的经验,设计了相间间隔棒的布置位置,给出了采用相间间隔棒进行治理的措施。运行情况表明:该治理措施取得了预期的效果。 相似文献
279.
280.