基于T-Hg2+-T结构的Hg2+生物传感器研究进展

Hg²⁺不仅污染环境,还会引发多种疾病,危害人体健康.因此,实现对Hg²⁺的快速灵敏检测十分必要.传统的Hg²⁺检测方法存在一定的局限性,而基于T-Hg²⁺-T结构的汞离子生物传感器具有高特异性、高稳定性的优势,近些年得到广泛研究和应用.本文简要介绍了T-Hg²⁺-T结构的概念和特点,并从荧光型、比色型和电化学型3个方面综述了基于T-Hg²⁺-T结构的汞离子生物传感器的研究进展,对未来的发展前景进行了展望.     

A study on the short-term effect of particulate matter pollution on hospital visits for asthma in children in Shanghai,China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Recently, particulate matter pollution has been worsening, which has been affecting the asthma visits in children. In this study, we assessed the short-term...     

根表铁膜对凤眼莲吸收环丙沙星的影响

为探讨铁离子不同浓度处理下水生植物根表铁膜形成及其对环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin,CIP)吸收的影响,采用室内模拟试验,分析0.1 mg·L-1 CIP胁迫下不同浓度铁离子(0、10、20、50、100和150 mg·L-1)对凤眼莲根系生理生化及CIP富集量的影响.结果 表明,不同浓度铁离子对凤眼莲根系孔隙度和泌氧量无显著影响,而根系活力随着铁离子浓度增加呈上升趋势;铁离子促进凤眼莲根表铁膜形成,150 mg·L-1铁离子处理下凤眼莲根表铁膜量最大,且根表吸附CIP含量最多,而根系中吸收CIP含量显著降低.铁离子对凤眼莲根系生理生化无显著影响,而有利于凤眼莲根表铁膜量增加,促进根系表面CIP的吸附作用,阻碍根系对CIP的吸收作用,降低CIP对植物造成的伤害.     

微塑料对双齿围沙蚕生理代谢的影响研究

为探讨微塑料对双齿围沙蚕生理代谢的影响,本文研究了聚丙烯(PP)、聚酰胺(PA)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)3种微塑料在不同浓度(0.1％、1％和5％)和暴露时间下对双齿围沙蚕体内过氧化氢酶(CAT)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活性以及代谢指标排氨率和呼吸速率的影响.结果表明,随微塑料浓度的升高,双齿围沙蚕体内CAT活性显著提升,5％浓度下双齿围沙蚕体内CAT活性最高;PVC对双齿围沙蚕体内AchE活性表现为低浓度(0.1％)抑制、高浓度(5％)促进的作用;PP和PA在不同浓度下对双齿围沙蚕体内AchE酶活性均表现为促进作用;随着微塑料浓度的升高,双齿围沙蚕的排氨率和呼吸速率显著升高(P<0.05).综上,微塑料在高浓度条件下,在一定时间内可以对双齿围沙蚕产生氧化胁迫作用,并一定程度上影响其排氨率和呼吸速率.     

Optimization of the O3/H2O2 process with response surface methodology for pretreatment of mother liquor of gas field wastewater

• Real ML-GFW with high salinity and high organics was degraded by O₃/H₂O₂ process. • Successful optimization of operation conditions was attained using RSM based on CCD. • Single-factor experiments in advance ensured optimal experimental conditions. • The satisfactory removal efficiency of TOC was achieved in spite of high salinity. • The initial pH plays the most significant role in the degradation of ML-GFW. The present study reports the use of the O₃/H₂O₂ process in the pretreatment of the mother liquor of gas field wastewater (ML-GFW), obtained from the multi-effect distillation treatment of the gas field wastewater. The range of optimal operation conditions was obtained by single-factor experiments. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) was used for the optimization procedure. A regression model with Total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency as the response value was established (R² = 0.9865). The three key factors were arranged according to their significance as: pH>H₂O₂ dosage>ozone flow rate. The model predicted that the best operation conditions could be obtained at a pH of 10.9, an ozone flow rate of 0.8 L/min, and H₂O₂ dosage of 6.2 mL. The dosing ratio of ozone was calculated to be 9.84 mg O₃/mg TOC. The maximum removal efficiency predicted was 75.9%, while the measured value was 72.3%. The relative deviation was found to be in an acceptable range. The ozone utilization and free radical quenching experiments showed that the addition of H₂O₂ promoted the decomposition of ozone to produce hydroxyl radicals (·OH). This also improved the ozone utilization efficiency. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that most of the organic matters in ML-GFW were degraded, while some residuals needed further treatment. This study provided the data and the necessary technical supports for further research on the treatment of ML-GFW.     

基于新内点测试与Grid-SCAN的铀尾矿库监测定位算法

面向铀尾矿库放射性核素污染WSN监测中,由于监测环境制约,针对该条件下节点密度低、带状分布网络连通性差等问题,为保证一定定位精度,提出一种新的定位算法。新内点测试利用RSSI值与海伦公式判断是否在三角形内外,无需未知节点周围其他节点信息,并采用Grid-SCAN寻找概率模型选取点,使该算法满足低密度条件的定位并减少其计算量。约束范围内计算网格内各点RSSI值的概率,并以最大概率坐标为定位结果。经过仿真,新算法较APIT算法在定位精度上提高了55%~69%。     

亚热带茶园土壤酸度特征研究——以福建省武夷山市为例

调查测试福建省武夷山市60个茶园6个土类120个土层的土壤酸度指标,分析茶园土壤酸度特征,结果表明:福建省武夷山市茶园0~20cm土层土壤平均pH值为4.52,其中pH < 4.5的重度酸化土壤占总调查样本的55.00%;20~40cm土层土壤平均pH值为4.52,pH < 4.5占53.33%;茶园红壤、紫色土、粗骨土0~20cm、20~40cm土层土壤平均pH值均低于4.5,茶园土壤酸化严重.总体上茶园土壤中交换性Al³⁺的数量和相对比例随交换性酸总量增加而增大,交换性H⁺的相对比例则呈相反的变化特征,交换性Al³⁺占交换性酸的比例为76.67%~98.40%;茶园土壤pH值与交换性酸、H⁺和Al³⁺均呈极显著的负相关关系,相关系数分别为-0.61、-0.46和-0.59.茶园土壤酸碱缓冲性能随着土壤pH值的降低呈现下降趋势;总体上茶园土壤pH值与盐基饱和度呈极显著正相关关系, 土壤pH值与盐基饱和度的正相关主要受到交换性Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺饱和度的制约.但不同土壤类型表现不一,体现了茶园土壤酸度的复杂性、多样性.     

气候变化对土壤微生物多样性及其功能的影响

以同时模拟未来大气CO₂浓度和温度升高的田间开放式气候变化平台为依托,研究CO₂浓度升高（CE）、升温（WA）以及两者同时升高（CW）对麦田土壤基础呼吸和微生物丰度、群落结构的影响.结果表明：CE对土壤基础呼吸没有影响,但是WA显著提高了土壤基础呼吸,在抽穗和成熟期分别增加了51.6%和38.5%.在分蘖期,土壤细菌和真菌丰度没有显著变化;而在抽穗和成熟期,CW和WA处理显著降低了真菌丰度,降低幅度分别达到32.1%~50.2%和32.0%~37.4%.通过对T-RFLP数据分析发现,CE、CW和WA处理对麦田土壤真菌和细菌群落结构没有显著影响,但是在一定程度上改变了古菌群落结构.与对照相比,CE处理真菌多样性提高了7.1%~8.2%,CW和WA处理真菌多样性分别降低了5.3%~13.5%和22.1%~33.6%;在分蘖和抽穗期,CE、CW和WA处理土壤细菌多样性比对照显著提高.     

HCHs and DDTs in Yellow River of Henan section—a typical agricultural area in China: levels,distributions and risks

The levels, potential sources and ecological risks of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in Yellow River of Henan section, a typical agricultural area in China, were investigated. Surface water samples and suspended particulate matters (SPMs) were collected from 23 sites during two seasons. In wet season, the residues of ∑HCHs (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH and δ-HCH) and ∑DDTs (p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD) ranged from 41.7 to 290 and 4.42 to 269 ng/L in surface water, while those varied from 0.86 to 157 and 1.79 to 96.1 ng/g dw in SPM, respectively. Moreover, in surface water, the levels of HCHs and DDTs in wet season were much higher than those in dry season. The reverse was true for residues of HCHs and DDTs in SPM. Compared with the large rivers in other regions, the levels of HCHs and DDTs in the studied area ranked at high levels and the residual concentrations might cause adverse biological risk, especially for ∑HCHs during wet season. Distributions of HCHs and DDTs delineated that the input of tributaries made a significant effect on the residue of HCHs and DDTs in the mainstream. ∑HCHs in surface water were consist of 26.7 % α-HCH, 30.0 % β-HCH, 37.9 % γ-HCH and 5.45 % δ-HCH and those in SPM contained 5.16 % α-HCH, 22.1 % β-HCH, 60.5 % γ-HCH and 12.2 % δ-HCH on average. Combined with ratios of α-HCH/γ-HCH in surface water (0.70) and in SPM (0.09), the results strongly indicated that lindane was recently used or discharged in the studied area. The mean percentage of DDTs′ isomers were 28.7 % p,p′-DDT, 29.8 % o,p′-DDT, 28.1 % p,p′-DDE and 13.4 % p,p′-DDD in surface water, while those were 12.5 % p,p′-DDT, 31.8 % o,p′-DDT, 30.5 % p,p′-DDE and 25.1 % p,p′-DDD in SPM. The ratios of (DDE + DDD)/∑DDTs and o,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDT revealed that the DDTs in the studied area mainly derived from long-term weathering of technical DDTs residue and the input of dicofol.     

Sequence of the main geochemical controls on the Cu and Zn fractions in the Yangtze River estuarine sediments

Metal speciation can provide sufficient information for environmental and geochemical researches. In this study, based on the speciation determination of Cu and Zn in the Yangtze Estuary sediments, roles of eight geochemical controls (i.e., total organic carbon (TOC), clay, Fe/Mn in five chemical fractions and salinity) are fully investigated and sequenced with correlation analysis (CA) and principal components analysis (PCA). Results show that TOC, clay and Fe/Mn oxides are key geochemical factors affecting the chemical speciation distributions of Cu and Zn in sediments, while the role of salinity appears to be more indirect effect. The influencing sequence generally follows the order: TOC>clay>Mn oxides>Fe oxides>salinity. Among the different fractions of Fe/Mn oxides, residual and total Fe content, and exchangeable and carbonate Mn exert the greatest influences, while exchangeable Fe and residual Mn show the poorest influences.