Removal of nutrients and veterinary antibiotics from swine wastewater by a constructed macrophyte floating bed system

The potential of three varieties of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), Dryan, Tachimasari and Waseyutaka, to improve the water quality of swine wastewater was evaluated using a constructed macrophyte floating bed system. With respect to reductions in levels of nutrients, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and sulfonamide antimicrobials (SAs, including sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, and sulfamethoxazole), Dryan performed better than Tachimasari and Waseyutaka. For Dryan, total N was reduced by 84.0%, total P by 90.4%, COD by 83.4% and sulfonamide antimicrobials by 91.8–99.5%. Similar results were observed for Tachimasari and Waseyutaka. The results indicated that the treatment of swine wastewater using the constructed macrophyte floating bed system was effective in the removal of nutrients and veterinary antibiotics.     

Assessment of mutagenic potency of source water treated by ozone and adsorption processes

This research utilized the Ames test to determine the mutagenicity of water treated by advanced processes, including ozonation and granular activated carbon (GAC). Raw water samples for this research included those obtained from the Pan Hsin waterworks as well as samples containing humic acids. Treated samples were collected from the pilot‐scale advanced treatment plant. The Ames test was used to measure the mutagenicity of the water after each treatment process. For the Pan Hsin raw water samples treated with ozone or GAC, it was indicated that, regardless of whether samples were preozonated or not, they all showed a mutagenic potency less than 2 once the S9 enzyme was added. This level of mutagenicity is insignificant. The prepared humic acid samples, on the other hand, demonstrated a significant reduction in mutagenicity after the pre‐ozonation process, indicating that preozonation can lower the degree of mutagenicity. Furthermore, the mutagenicity of the prepared humic acid samples gradually decreased after the advanced treatment process. However, when chlorine was added later to these samples, the mutagenicity increased again. This research shows that the use of O3/GAC processes to treat water can successfully lower mutagenicity, indicating a great potential for applications in the treatment of drinking water.     

农药生产建设项目环境影响评价的探讨

分析了农药生产建设项目环境影响评价中存在的诸多问题。结合实际工作经验,就农药生产建设项目中的产业政策评价、环境影响的识别、环境风险评价、清洁生产评价和环保治理措施的确定进行了探讨。     

Willingness to pay to improve domestic water supply in rural areas of Central Tanzania: Implications for policy

This analysis estimates willingness to pay to improve community-based rural water utilities in the Dodoma and Singida Regions of Central Tanzania, using Multinomial Logit functions. An estimate of willingness to pay provides an indication of the demand for improved services and potential for them being sustainable. Surveys were conducted in a total of 30 villages in the two regions. In the Dodoma Region, about 14% of respondents indicated that they were satisfied with the status quo, 64% suggested increasing water discharge and watering points, and 22% proposed other improvements relating to water quality. In the Singida Region, 31% of the respondents were satisfied with the status quo, 59% wanted deeper boreholes and watering points, and 10% indicated other types of improvement relating to water quality. The Multinomial Logit functions indicated that the interaction between the water quality variable and proposed bids were important in making choices with reference to the type of improvement desired. Respondents who wanted to increase water supply in Dodoma Region were willing to pay 32 Tsh above the existing tariff of 20 Tsh/bucket. In the Singida Region, the analogous amount was 91 Tsh per household per year above the existing user fee of 508 Tsh per household per year. If the tariff or user fees have to be increased, the estimated average potential revenue for the surveyed villages was 252 million Tsh/year (US$265 263) in the Dodoma Region, and 5.2 million Tsh/year (US$5474) in the Singida Region. In the future, strategic planning is needed to ensure that improvements proposed potentially improve cost recovery initiatives and increase the level of consumer satisfaction. Also, care will be needed to ensure that more disadvantaged community members do not suffer unduly from increases in tariff or user fees.     

The Reuse of Urban and Industrial Waste in Tai-Lin-Pu Reclamation Project,Taiwan

Abstract

This study introduces the principles of KMG's (Kaoshiung Municipal Government) dealing with the non-poisonous urban and industrial waste through reclamation of shore land in reinforcing a sense of coastal protection and land development in Tai-Lin-Pu coastal area, southern Taiwan.

Through a series of experimental studies, we found that substitutes of coarse aggregate with a broad spectrum of integrating slag powder, fly ash, and cementitious material can be obtained with a benefit up to 80% saving of cement. the integrated aggregates from the non-poisonous industrial wastes were subsequently made into armour units and used in the field tests at Tai-Lin-Pu coastal area, where the shorelines are seriously eroded. After being subjected to several severe typhoon advents, the results showed that the waste-made units used as the protection breakwater, together with construction wastes and excavated soil as the filling material, prove to be an effective practice in utilizing recycled urban waste to reclaim erosive shore lands. Moreover, this study also demonstrates that through detailed analysis of the waste characteristics, scrap material could be turned into valuable construction aggregates, and highlights the value of non-poisonous urban and industrial waste as a alternative resource for the shore protection engineering.     

自然环境因素对铝合金大气腐蚀的影响性研究

目的 研究铝合金大气腐蚀受自然环境因素的影响性，探索环境因素对铝合金腐蚀的影响规律。方法 采用多层感知器神经网络分析环境因素对7种铝合金平均腐蚀速率的影响。结果 确定了影响铝合金腐蚀损伤的重要因素为SO2沉积率、Cl^–沉积率、NOx沉积率；辅要因素为年降雨量、年雾露时数、相对湿度、年日照时数、温度、铝合金成分；次要因素为年累积降水时数、雨水pH值。结论 基于多层感知器神经网络分析有效展现了环境因素对平均腐蚀速率的影响性。     

Estimating life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from corn–ethanol: a critical review of current U.S. practices

This study reviews corn–ethanol life cycle assessment studies and modeling tools to identify key discrepancies between studies, and shortcomings in analysis of greenhouse gas emissions. The primary conclusions are that direct land use change modeling, soil N₂O emissions modeling, and co-product crediting were either poorly treated or treated inconsistently across most or all studies. Despite the existence of improved methods and tools proposed by institutional bodies and the broader research community, the state of the practice tends towards over-simplified and highly generalized methods that increase potential uncertainty in greenhouse gas estimates and prevents differentiation among producers of corn ethanol.     

The influence of climate change on the allocation efficiency of new and tradition energy

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The purpose of this paper is to strengthen research concerning the impact of climate change on China’s water resources, in order to avoid...