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71.
Laís Fernanda de Palma Lopes Vanessa Ochi Agostini Sanye Soroldoni Guimarães Erik Muxagata 《Chemistry and Ecology》2018,34(8):747-761
Cultures of the copepod Acartia tonsa are used both in aquaculture and ecotoxicology studies. However, the cultivation of these crustaceans at high densities results in the proliferation of microorganisms that can affect the organisms of interest, leading to illness or death. Antimicrobials inhibit microbial growth and may favour the cultivated species, aiding the development of ecological studies. This study investigated the potential of antimicrobials (antibiotic + antifungal) to inhibit bacteria and fungi when applied to marine zooplankton cultures, using the copepod A. tonsa as a bioindicator of acute toxicity. Treatment with 0.025?g?L?1 of penicillin G potassium + 0.08?g?L?1 of streptomycin sulphate + 0.04?g?L?1 of neomycin sulphate + 0.005?g?L?1 of nystatin resulted in 95% bacterial inhibition (after 12?h of exposure); however, after this time, the inhibitory effect was lost. The antimicrobial combination tested in this study prevented colonisation by fungi until 168?h after exposure, without causing acute toxicity to A. tonsa. Thus, it has potential for use in marine cultures of less sensitive organisms. 相似文献
72.
Mariane de Fátima Yukie Maeda Maria de Lourdes Brizot Maria Augusta Bento Cicaroni Gibelli Silvia Maria Ibidi Werther Brunow de Carvalho Mara Sandra Hoshida Clarisse Martins Machado Ester Cerdeira Sabino Lea Campos de Oliveira da Silva Thomas Jaenisch Maria Cássia Jacintho Mendes-Correa Philippe Mayaud Rossana Pulcinelli Vieira Francisco HC-FMUSP-Obstetric COVID Study Group 《黑龙江环境通报》2021,41(8):998-1008
73.
Luisa Barbieri Fernanda Andreola Isabella Lancellotti Rosa Taurino 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(11):2307-2315
In this work the feasibility of using woody agricultural biomass wastes as grapes and cherries seeds, sawdust, as pore forming agent, and sugar cane ash, as silica precursor, in bricks, were reported.Sawdust and grapes and cherries seeds, thanks to their organic substances content, during their combustion, bring an energetic support in the bricks firing phase and act as pore forming agent. Usually the addition of this kind of waste is limited to 10 wt.% in order to reach an equilibrium between positive (weight and shrinkage decrease and porosity increase) and negative (increase of water absorption and mechanical resistance decrease) effects. The results show that grapes and cherries seeds, added in a percentage of 5 wt.% to a brick formulation, have better influence with respect to the sawdust, maintaining the mechanical properties of the fired brick (950 °C), showing modulus of rupture around 21–23 MPa with a weight reduction of 3–10% (respect to the standard one). Regarding the sugar cane ash, the addition of 5 wt.% improves the mechanical properties (modulus of rupture around 27 MPa) and no weight decrease is observed. These results confirmed the role played by this kind of agricultural waste, which thanks to its high silica content (61 wt.%) is capable to demonstrate a filler and plasticity reducing effect on the brick bodies. Tests carried out highlighted that the addition of these by-products (5 wt.%) do not change negatively the main technological properties measured (water absorption, linear shrinkage, flexural resistance, etc.) and permit to hypothesize their use to obtain bricks with both insulating and higher mechanical properties using a pore agent forming or silica carrier alternative raw materials, respectively. 相似文献
74.
Francisco J. Fernández Virginia Sánchez-Arias Lourdes Rodríguez José Villaseñor 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(10):1948-1956
Representative samples of the following biowastes typically generated in Castilla La Mancha (Spain) were composted using a pilot-scale closed rotary drum composting reactor provided with adequate control systems: waste from the olive oil industry (olive mill waste; OMW), winery–distillery waste containing basically grape stalk and exhausted grape marc (WDW), and domestic sewage sludge. Composting these biowastes was only successful when using a bulking agent or if sufficient porosity was supported. OMW waste composting was not possible, probably because of its negligible porosity, which likely caused anaerobic conditions. WDW was successfully composted using a mixture of solid wastes generated from the same winery. SS was also successfully composted, although its higher heavy metal content was a limitation. Co-composting was an adequate strategy because the improved mixture characteristics helped to maintain optimal operating conditions. By co-composting, the duration of the thermophilic period increased, the final maturity level improved and OMW was successfully composted. Using the proposed reactor, composting could be accelerated compared to classical outdoor techniques, enabling easy control of the process. Moisture could be easily controlled by wet air feeding and leachate recirculation. Inline outlet gas analysis helped to control aerobic conditions without excessive aeration. The temperature reached high values in a few days, and sufficient thermal requirements for pathogen removal were met. The correct combination of biowastes along with appropriate reactor design would allow composting as a management option for such abundant biowastes in this part of Spain. 相似文献
75.
Anthocyanins and tannins in ozone-fumigated guava trees 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Psidium guajava “Paluma”, a tropical tree species, is known to be an efficient ozone indicator in tropical countries. When exposed to ozone, this species displays a characteristic leaf injury identified by inter-veinal red stippling on adaxial leaf surfaces. Following 30 days of three ozone treatments consisting of carbon filtered air (CF – AOT40 = 17 ppb h), ambient non-filtered air (NF – AOT40 = 542 ppb h) and ambient non-filtered air + 40 ppb ozone (NF + O3 – AOT40 = 7802 ppb h), the amounts of residual anthocyanins and tannins present in 10 P. guajava (“Paluma”) saplings were quantified. Higher amounts of anthocyanins were found in the NF + O3 treatment (1.6%) when compared to the CF (0.97%) and NF (1.30%) (p < 0.05), and of total tannins in the NF + O3 treatment (0.16%) compared to the CF (0.14%). Condensed tannins showed the same tendency as enhanced amounts. Regression analyses using amounts of tannins and anthocyanins, AOT40 and the leaf injury index (LII), showed a correlation between the leaf injury index and quantities of anthocyanins and total tannins. These results are in accordance with the association between the incidence of red-stippled leaves and ozone polluted environments. 相似文献
76.
Abrile Mariana Guadalupe Ciucio María Michela Demarchi Lourdes Marlén Bono Virginia Mariel Fiasconaro María Laura Lovato María Eugenia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):23868-23886
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pharmaceuticals and their degradation products which are present in wastewater and superficial waters are becoming an ecological issue. This research... 相似文献
77.
Hoelscher Fernanda Cardoso Priscilla B. Candiotto Graziâni Guindani Camila Feuser Paulo Araújo Pedro H. H. Sayer Claudia 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(11):3668-3678
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Biodegradability is a key feature for the application of polymeric devices in medicine. This study reports an experimental and theoretical study of the... 相似文献
78.
Biodegradable Polyester-Based Blend Reinforced with Curauá Fiber: Thermal,Mechanical and Biodegradation Behaviour 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Fernanda Harnnecker Derval dos Santos Rosa Denise Maria Lenz 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2012,20(1):237-244
Biodegradable composites can be produced by the combination of biodegradable polymers (BP) as matrix and vegetal fibers as
reinforcement. Composites of a commercial biodegradable polymer blend and curauá fibers (loaded at 5, 15 and 20 wt%) were
prepared by melt mixing in a twin-screw extruder. Chemical treatments such as alkali treatment of the fiber and addition of
maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA-g-PP) as coupling agent were performed to promote polymer/fiber interfacial adhesion so that mechanical performance can be
improved. The resulting composites were evaluated through hardness, melt flow index and tensile, flexural and impact strengths
as well as water absorption. Thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were also employed to characterize
the composites. The polymer/fiber interface was investigated through scanning electron microscopy analysis. The biodegradability
of composites was evaluated by compost-soil burial test. The addition of curauá fiber promoted an increase in the mechanical
strengths and composites treated with 2 wt% MA-g-PP with 20 wt% curauá fiber showed an increase of nearly 75% in tensile and 56% in flexural strengths besides an improvement
in impact strength with respect to neat polymer blend. Nevertheless, treated composites showed an increase in water absorption
and biodegradation tests showed that the addition of fiber retards degradation time. The retained mass of BP/20 wt% fiber
composite with MA-g-PP and neat BP was 68 and 26%, respectively, after 210 days of degradation test. 相似文献
79.
Ana Lourdes Oropesa António Miguel Floro Patrícia Palma 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(20):16605-16616
Nicotine is a “life-style compound” widely consumed by human populations and, consequently, often found in surface waters. This fact presents a concern for possible effects in the aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this study was to assess the potential lethal and sublethal toxicity of nicotine in aquatic organisms from different trophic levels (Vibrio fischeri, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Thamnocephalus platyurus, and Daphnia magna). The bioassays were performed by exposing the organisms to concentrations of nicotine in a range of 0.5–1000 μg/L. Results showed that nicotine, at tested concentration, was not acutely toxic to V. fischeri and T. platyurus. On the contrary, this substance exhibited toxicity to P. subcapitata and Daphnia magna. Thus, concentrations of nicotine of 100 and 200 μg/L promoted an inhibition in the growth of P. subcapitata. In addition, a concentration of 100 μg/L nicotine acted on the reproduction of the crustacean D. magna, by decreasing the number of juveniles produced by female. On the other hand, the results showed that concentrations equal to or greater than 10 μg/L induced the production of daphnids male offspring, which may indicate that nicotine is a weak juvenoid compound of the D. magna endocrine system. Furthermore, the result showed that concentrations tested of this chemical have the capacity to revert the effect of fenoxycarb, a strong juvenoid chemical insecticide. The results of the study revealed that nicotine can induce several changes in some of the most important key groups of the aquatic compartment, which can compromise, in a short time, the balance of aquatic ecosystem. Finally, a preliminary environmental risk assessment of this stimulant was performed from the highest measured concentration in surface water and the no observable effect concentration value in the most sensitive species, i.e., D. magna. This process revealed that nicotine can produce an important risk to aquatic organisms. 相似文献
80.
Ulloa-Ogaz Ana Laura Piñón-Castillo Hilda Amelia Muñoz-Castellanos Laila Nayzzel Athie-García Martha Samira Ballinas-Casarrubias María De Lourdes Murillo-Ramirez José Guadalupe Flores-Ongay Luis Ángel Duran Robert Orrantia-Borunda Erasmo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(27):22048-22060
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) and their properties are important issues in nanotechnology research. Particularly, NPs affect the metabolism... 相似文献