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551.
Fabio de Oliveira Lucas Igor Jos Chaves de Oliveira Fernando Brenha Ribeiro 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009,100(10):875-883
The assembling of a system for field sampling and activity concentration measurement of radon dissolved in groundwater is described. Special attention is given in presenting the calibration procedure to obtain the radon activity concentration in groundwater from the raw counting rate registered in a portable scintillation detector and in establishing the precision of the activity concentration measurements. A field procedure was established and the system tested during one year of monthly observations of 222Rn activity concentration in groundwater drawn from two wells drilled on metamorphic rocks exposed at Eastern São Paulo State, Brazil. The observed mean 222Rn activity concentrations are 374 Bq/dm3 in one well and about 1275 Bq/dm3 in the other one. In both wells the 222Rn activity concentrations showed a seasonal variation similar to variations previously reported in the literature for the same region. 相似文献
552.
553.
MM5-SMOKE-CMAQ as a modeling tool for 8-h ozone regulatory enforcement: application to the state of Arizona 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sang-Mi Lee H. J. S. Fernando S. Grossman-Clarke 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2007,12(1):63-74
The Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Meteorological Model 5 (MM5), Sparse Matrix Operator Kernal Emissions (SMOKE), and Community
Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling systems were employed to simulate ozone concentration distribution within the State
of Arizona, in particular, Phoenix air basin, as supporting information to designate nonattainment areas of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's new 8-h ozone standard. In general, based on statistical comparisons between predictions and available
(sparsely distributed) observations, the modeling system performed reasonably well for the Phoenix basin, thus proving it
to be a useful tool for both regulatory as well as research applications. Detailed inspection, however, revealed a serious
problem with respect to the details of the ozone distribution in that for some days the transition from downslope flow to
upslope flow in the Phoenix basin was delayed in the model, causing the ozone distribution to show an unrealistic high-ozone
bias toward the west valley. Implementation of a modified subgrid parameterization improved the time of transition, and hence
the prediction of ozone and its precursor distributions. This study points to possible inadequacies of commonly used subgrid
parameterizations in dealing with rapidly changing flow conditions such as morning (and evening) transitions. 相似文献
554.
Norbert P. Psuty M. Luisa Martínez Jorge López-Portillo Tanya M. Silveira José G. García-Franco Natalia A. Rodríguez 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2009,13(2-3):77-87
The habitats of La Mancha Lagoon, located midway along the coast of Veracruz, Mexico, are responding to the change of sediment supply reaching its primary inlet at the Gulf of Mexico. Until several decades ago, an abundant alongshore supply of sediment created a periodic opening and closing of the La Mancha inlet. The hydrologic regime of the lagoon consisted of raised water level and lower salinity during the closures, whereas the open inlet favored lower water level, higher salinity, and sediment accumulation in the flood tidal delta. Currently, diminished alongshore sediment supply has affected the inlet morphology and the discharge regime. Associated with the reduced sediment supply, the inlet is open longer in its periodic cycle, the water level variation is reduced, the salinity contrasts are reduced, and the rate of sedimentation in the flood-tide delta is increased. This combination of alterations to the inlet area is changing the flooding regime and affecting the conditions in a very well-developed mangrove habitat at the lagoon margins as well as conditions within the aqueous portions of the lagoon. Management options produce a conflict between supporting the direction of change or preserving the existing habitats. 相似文献
555.
Rodolfo Salm Lisa Feder Mario Augusto Gonçalves Jardim Nefertiti Hass Euphly Jalles-Filho Ana Maria Costa 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(1):161-173
In a meeting between FUNAI (the Brazilian Indian National Foundation) and the Kayapo in the Kayapo village of Aukre, in October
2005, the Kayapo Indians requested support to increase the culture of coconuts (Cocos nucifera) in their lands. The introduction of exotic species is a cause of biological diversity loss throughout the world. However,
this is by no means applicable to all kinds of exotic species. We argue that the culture of coconuts may actually be a useful
tool for the conservation of this country’s indigenous lands, despite criticism to the contrary. It may also be useful as
source for raw material for the indigenous people who are presently experiencing a population boom. For the Kayapo of south-eastern
Amazonia, such a demographic explosion, coupled with their increasing dependence on money to purchase industrialized goods,
tend to substantially increase the pressure on their lands, which still contain a substantial amount of well-preserved seasonally-dry
Amazonian forests. We investigated the actual economic relevance of coconuts for the Kayapo by measuring human and coconut
populations and found that this exotic palm is not important for the subsistence of these Indians, due to coconut scarcity,
and that such importance is not forthcoming. In the Amazon, coconuts may be particularly useful for the Indians’ nutrition
due to the high energetic value of the solid endosperm of the mature fruit. Therefore, given the importance of indigenous
lands for the conservation of the Amazonian forests, the encouragement of subsistence coconut cultures in indigenous lands
is defensible as a measure for the conservation of biodiversity. 相似文献
556.
Borth Priscila Liane Biesdorf Perin Jessica Klarosk Helenas Torrecilhas Arthur Ribeiro Pan Nicole Caldas Kuroda Emília Kiyomi Fernandes Fernando 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(5):1974-1983
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of the addition of garden waste (GW) on the performance of food waste (FW) anaerobic... 相似文献
557.
Defalque Cristiane Maria Marins Fernando Augusto Silva da Silva Aneirson Francisco Rodríguez Elen Yanina Aguirre 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(1):55-76
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - A discussion is currently under way in the literature on the sustainable benefits of recycling material, particularly paper, which has high global... 相似文献
558.
La Fuente Carla I. A. de Souza Andressa Tamyris Tadini Carmen C. Augusto Pedro Esteves Duarte 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(6):1908-1920
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In this study cassava starch modified by ozone technology and cellulose nanofibres were used to produce films. These nanocomposites were produced by... 相似文献
559.
The sequential extraction procedures described by Tessier et al., McGrath and Cegarra, and Gimeno-García et al. were compared
to investigate trace element (As, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) partitioning patterns and extraction efficiency in three contaminated
soils from Mediterranean regions of Spain. Soils were selected from Onda (Castellón) (S1), Aznalcóllar (Sevilla) (S2), and
Silla (Valencia) (S3). S1 was a soil contaminated with Pb and Zn after dumping of wastes from the manufacture of ceramic tiles,
S2 was polluted accidentally with a highly acid and As-concentrated sludge from mining activities, and S3 was a soil with
a high Cr content from tannery sludge disposal. Trace element distribution in the soils—soluble, exchangeable, organically
bound, precipitated with carbonates, bound to iron and manganese oxides, and precipitated with sulfides fractions—varied significantly
according to the extraction procedure used. In addition, different extraction efficiencies were found for the three sequential
extraction procedures compared. Finally, the trace elements studied showed different and specific distribution patterns between
the various soil fractions examined. 相似文献
560.