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31.
Silvia Lampis Anita Ferrari A. Cristina F. Cunha-Queda Paula Alvarenga Simona Di Gregorio Giovanni Vallini 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(6):663-670
Background, aim, and scope
Selenium is a trace metalloid of global environmental concern. The boundary among its essentiality, deficiency, and toxicity is narrow and mainly depends on the chemical forms and concentrations in which this element occurs. Different plant species—including Brassica juncea—have been shown to play a significant role in Se removal from soil as well as water bodies. Furthermore, the interactions between such plants, showing natural capabilities of metal uptake and their rhizospheric microbial communities, might be exploited to increase both Se scavenging and vegetable biomass production in order to improve the whole phytoextraction efficiency. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the capability of selenite removal of B. juncea grown in hydroponic conditions on artificially spiked effluents. To optimize phytoextraction efficiency, interactions between B. juncea and rhizobacteria were designedly elicited. 相似文献32.
Tourane Corbiére-Nicollier Yves Ferrari Christophe Jemelin Olivier Jolliet 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2013,20(3):225-237
In Switzerland, communities are encouraged to define and to report on local Agenda 21. This paper presents an analysis framework to help local communities set sustainable development priorities and to follow through with appropriate actions. Four Swiss communities, from the French-speaking part of Switzerland, actively follow the project: Lausanne (114 304 citizens), Vevey (15 364 citizens), Mannens-Grandsivaz (505 citizens) and Essertines/Yverdon (666 citizens). The analysis framework developed is constituted of four interdependent fields: the societal characteristics, the individual or collective behaviours, the end objectives or sustainability impacts and the inhabitant's perception of these three fields. The link between society and behaviour can be studied through sociological analyses. The link between behaviour and environmental impact can be established thanks to Life Cycle analysis and Input/Output analyses. At each level, sustainable development indicators can be defined. As an application of the framework, the citizen energy consumption has been studied and expressed in energy slaves (= 3150 MJ/Year). A Swiss citizen needs altogether 69 slaves, 20 for his private consumption of goods and services, 19 for housing, 11 for transport, I1 for food and 8 for his consumption of public goods. If one fifth of the inhabitants of Lausanne, wanting to live closer to nature, actually moved out of town, the region would need 10 436 more slaves for 3500 persons happily living in the countryside. 相似文献
33.
34.
Feyten Laurence E. A. Demers Ebony E. E. M. Ramnarine Indar W. Chivers Douglas P. Ferrari Maud C. O. Brown Grant E. 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2019,73(5):1-9
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology - Behavioural diversity is a basic component of biodiversity, with implications in ecological interactions at the intra- and interspecific levels. The... 相似文献
35.
Seasonal variations of heavy metals in central Greenland snow deposited from 1991 to 1995 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Barbante C Boutron C Morel C Ferrari C Jaffrezo JL Cozzi G Gaspari V Cescon P 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2003,5(2):328-335
To better assess the seasonality in the fallout of heavy metals to central Greenland, a continuous series of 68 snow samples has been collected at a remote site in the Summit area from a 2.7 m pit using ultraclean sampling procedures. This covers a continuous four year time period from spring 1991 to spring 1995. Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sb, Pt, Pb, Bi and U were determined using ultrasensitive inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry under clean room conditions. In addition we also determined Al by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and Na+, Ca2+, SO4(2-), MSA and oxalate by ion chromatography, species that will assist in the interpretation of the trace metal data. The data show pronounced inter- and intra-annual variations, with large differences in the amplitude of these variations for the element studied, with few clear seasonality patterns. Generally, high concentrations are observed in the spring snow layers, while much lower concentrations are typical of summer snow layers. Significant correlations are observed between Co, Cu, Zn, Ag and Sb, while Pt, Pd and Rh show no correlation with the other metals. Crustal enrichment factors show that while the crustal dust contribution is probably important for some metals for part of the year (spring), anthropogenic inputs are as important in many instances. Pronounced intra-annual variations are observed for some metals, in particular Pt. The variations observed for this metal parallel fairly closely changes in Russian Pt production, which points to emissions from smelters in the Russian Arctic as likely sources for Pt. 相似文献
36.
Maud C. O. Ferrari Meaghan A. Vavrek Chris K. Elvidge Bryan Fridman Douglas P. Chivers Grant E. Brown 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,63(1):113-121
Following disturbance, some aquatic prey species release chemicals that act as a warning cue and increase vigilance in nearby
conspecifics. Such disturbance cues evoke consistent low intensity anti-predator responses. In contrast, alarm cues from injured
conspecifics often evoke stronger intensity responses in prey animals. In this study, we test the sensory complement hypothesis,
which suggests that multiple cues act in an additive or synergistic fashion to provide additional information for risk assessment
by prey. In the first experiment, we showed that juvenile rainbow trout pre-exposed to disturbance cues respond to a given
concentration of damage-released alarm cues with a higher intensity of response than the trout that were pre-exposed to cues
from undisturbed conspecifics. The two cues acted in an additive fashion. In the second experiment, we demonstrated that disturbance
cues alone were not enough to elicit a conditioned response to the odour of a novel predator. We also showed that while disturbance
cues elicit an increase in the response of trout to alarm cues, this increase does not translate into a stronger learned response
to the predator when the predator odour is paired with alarm cues. Future studies should take into account sensory complementation
to avoid underestimating the responses of prey to predators. 相似文献
37.
Maud C. O. Ferrari Grant E. Brown François Messier Douglas P. Chivers 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(9):1369-1375
Despite the importance of acquired predator recognition in mediating predator–prey interactions, we know little about the
specific characteristics that prey use to distinguish predators from non-predators. Recent experiments with mammals and fish
indicate that some prey lacking innate predator recognition have the ability to display anti-predator responses upon their
first encounter with those predators if they are similar to predators that the prey has recently learned to recognize. This
phenomenon is referred to as generalization of predator recognition. In this experiment, we documented for the first time
that larval amphibians (woodfrog, Rana sylvatica) have the ability to generalize the recognition of known predators to closely related novel predators. Moreover, we demonstrated
that this ability is dependent on the level of risk associated with the known predator. When red-bellied newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster (known predator), was paired with simulated low risk, tadpoles displayed fright responses to newts and novel tiger salamanders,
Ambystoma tigrinum, but not to novel African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis. However, when the newt was paired with simulated high risk, tadpoles generalized their responses to both tiger salamanders
and African clawed frogs. Larval anurans seem to have a wider generalization frame than other animals. 相似文献
38.
Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues Rafaela Gomes Ferrari Luciano Neves dos Santos Carlos Adam Conte Junior 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(10):205-218
Mercury is an important pollutant, released into aquatic ecosystems both naturally and by anthropogenic action. This element is transferred to aquatic organisms in different ways, causing potential health risks. In addition, mercury can be accumulated by humans, especially through the consumption of contaminated food. This systematic review aims to present mercury pathways, the major routes through which this element reaches the aquatic environment and its transformations until becoming available to living animals, leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification phenomena. The key biotic and abiotic factors affecting such processes, the impact of mercury on animal and human health and the issue of seafood consumption as a source of chronic mercury contamination are also addressed. A total of 101 articles were retrieved from a standardized search on three databases (PubMed, Emabse, and Web of Science), in addition to 28 other studies not found on these databases but considered fundamental to this review (totaling 129 articles). Both biotic and abiotic factors display fundamental importance in mediating mercurial dynamics, i.e., muscle tropism, and salinity, respectively. Consequently, mercurial contamination in aquatic environments affects animal health, especially the risk of extinction species and also on human health, with methylmercury the main mercury species responsible for acute and chronic symptomatology. 相似文献
39.
de la Torre FR Salibián A Ferrari L 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2000,109(2):277-282
The impact of long-term exposure to waterborne cadmium (Cd) on Cyprinus carpio was evaluated through changes of selected parameters considered as biomarkers of toxicity. Fish were exposed to 1.6 mg l(-1) Cd for 14 days and then transferred to Cd-free water for 19 days. The measured parameters were gill ATPases, brain acetylcholinesterase (AchE), liver glutamate oxaloacetate (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate (GPT) transaminases, muscle water content, and protein content of liver, gills and brain. Condition factor and liver somatic index were also calculated. Branchial ATPase activities were impaired in a dissimilar way: the (Na(+),K(+))-ATPases were inhibited by approximately 30%, while the Mg(2+)-ATPase was significantly activated by 70%. Brain AchE showed no changes after Cd exposure. Both liver GOT and GPT activities were increased by the metal by 63 and 98%. Water content of the skeletal muscle showed no significant alterations. After the 19-day recovery phase, changes in the Mg(2+)-ATPase and GPT were reversed to values similar to controls, but the Cd exposure resulted in an irreversible alteration in GOT activity. Results indicate that the sublethal Cd concentrations are stressful to carp, particularly with reference to branchial enzymes which may disrupt the osmotic and ionic balance of the animals. 相似文献
40.
A dynamic aquatic model (DynA model) was previously developed to predict the fate of a chemical in aquatic scenarios characterized by daily or periodic changes in several input parameters. DynA model is here calibrated with data obtained from the literature in specific unsteady state scenarios, such as those of rice fields. The results obtained for two herbicides (cinosulfuron and pretilachlor) in rice paddy scenarios revealed the capability of the model to accurately predict water and sediment concentrations, as shown by some statistical indicators. Modelling efficiency (EF) values of 0.86-0.99 for the water compartment and of 0.77-0.84 for sediment show the good agreement between predicted and measured concentrations. An "external validation" was performed using measured data for a different herbicide (molinate) applied in a Portuguese paddy rice scenario. A sensitivity analysis for this volatile chemical revealed the influence of some climatic parameters (e.g. temperature) to the model outcomes, such as water and sediment concentrations. This confirmed the capability of DynA model as an efficient tool for the pesticide risk assessment in dynamic scenarios. 相似文献