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71.
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Benchmarking Optical/Thermal Satellite Imagery for Estimating Evapotranspiration and Soil Moisture in Decision Support Tools 下载免费PDF全文
Jan M.H. Hendrickx Richard G. Allen Al Brower Aaron R. Byrd Sung‐ho Hong Fred L. Ogden Nawa Raj Pradhan Clarence W. Robison David Toll Ricardo Trezza Todd G. Umstot John L. Wilson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(1):89-119
Generally, one expects evapotranspiration (ET) maps derived from optical/thermal Landsat and MODIS satellite imagery to improve decision support tools and lead to superior decisions regarding water resources management. However, there is lack of supportive evidence to accept or reject this expectation. We “benchmark” three existing hydrologic decision support tools with the following benchmarks: annual ET for the ET Toolbox developed by the United States Bureau of Reclamation, predicted rainfall‐runoff hydrographs for the Gridded Surface/Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis model developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the average annual groundwater recharge for the Distributed Parameter Watershed Model used by Daniel B. Stephens & Associates. The conclusion of this benchmark study is that the use of NASA/USGS optical/thermal satellite imagery can considerably improve hydrologic decision support tools compared to their traditional implementations. The benefits of improved decision making, resulting from more accurate results of hydrologic support systems using optical/thermal satellite imagery, should substantially exceed the costs for acquiring such imagery and implementing the remote sensing algorithms. In fact, the value of reduced error in estimating average annual groundwater recharge in the San Gabriel Mountains, California alone, in terms of value of water, may be as large as $1 billion, more than sufficient to pay for one new Landsat satellite. 相似文献
73.
Gilberto De Martino Jannuzzi Vanice Ferreira dos Santos Marcello de Moura Campos Filho Jos Kogi Fugiwara 《Natural resources forum》1993,17(2):105-108
This paper analyses survey results of the effectiveness of information campaigns to promote energy efficiency among residential consumers in Brazil. The survey found that consumers have a relatively good knowledge of conservation measures to improve electricity usage. Nevertheless, other approaches are needed to promote energy conservation in the household sector. 相似文献
74.
Ricardo Polisaitis Oliveira Suzana Maria Ratusznei José Alberto Domingues Rodrigues Marcelo Zaiat Eugenio Foresti 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(12):2499-2504
A mechanically stirred anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) containing granular biomass was applied to the treatment of a wastewater simulating the effluent from a personal care industry. The ASBR was operated with cycle lengths (tC) of 8, 12 and 24 h and applied volumetric organic loads (AVOL) of 0.75, 0.50 and 0.25 gCOD/L.d, treating 2.0 L liquid medium per cycle. Stirring frequency was 150 rpm and the reactor was kept in an isothermal chamber at 30 °C. Increase in tC resulted in efficiency increase at constant AVOL, reaching 77% at tC of 24 h versus 69% at tC of 8 h. However, efficiency decreased when AVOL decreased as a function of increasing tC, due to the lack of substrate in the reaction medium. Moreover, replacing part of the wastewater by a chemically balanced synthetic one did not yield the expected effect and system efficiency dropped. 相似文献
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Campos Felipe S. Loureno-de-Moraes Ricardo Ruas Danilo S. Mira-Mendes Caio V. Franch Marc Llorente Gustavo A. Sol Mirco Cabral Pedro 《Environmental management》2020,65(1):46-61
Environmental Management - Ecological connectivity depends on key elements within the landscape, which can support ecological fluxes, species richness and long-term viability of a biological... 相似文献
77.
78.
Extinction and Persistence of Rare Orchids in Veracruz, Mexico 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Tornero V Borrell A Aguilar A Wells RS Forcada J Rowles TK Reijnders PJ 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(2):109-114
Here we assessed retinoids as biomarkers of contaminant exposure by studying whether the sex, age, lipid content and organochlorine concentrations of bottlenose dolphins induced variation in retinoid status and its deposition in blubber. Blubber samples were collected from 47 individuals of known age and gender from Sarasota Bay in June 2000 and 2001. The sample included a representative cross-section of the resident dolphin community, with ages ranging from 2 to 50 years. Organochlorine levels showed the age- and sex-related variation commonly observed in other species, with concentrations increasing in youngsters of both sexes and in adult males, and decreasing in adult females after the onset of maturity. Blubber lipid content was low in the overall population and significantly decreased with age in adult males. Retinoid blubber concentrations were comparable to other odontocete species previously studied, and were strongly determined by lipid content. As a consequence of the latter, retinoid concentration was observed to decrease with age in adult males. This effect could not be statistically dissociated from the negative correlation observed between levels of organochlorines and retinoid blubber concentration. Consequently, we could not clarify whether high organochlorine loads in this population lowered retinoid concentrations or, conversely, whether depleted lipid reserves were indeed responsible for the high organochlorine concentrations and the low retinoid levels detected in blubber. With the current knowledge, both options should be considered and investigated, with initial focus on male dolphins. 相似文献