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11.
Linda Landlová Pavel Čupr Juraj Franců Jana Klánová Gerhard Lammel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(9):6188-6204
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) abundance, mass size distribution (MSD) and chemical composition are parameters relevant for human health effects. The MSD and phase state of semivolatile organic pollutants were determined at various polluted sites in addition to the PM composition and MSD. The distribution pattern of pollutants varied from side to side in correspondence to main particle sources and PM composition. Levels of particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were 1–30 ng m?3 (corresponding to 15–35 % of the total, i.e., gas and particulate phase concentrations), of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were 2–11 pg m?3 (4–26 % of the total) and of DDT compounds were 2–12 pg m?3 (4–23 % of the total). The PM associated amounts of other organochlorine pesticides were too low for quantification. The organics were preferentially found associated with particles <0.45 μm of aerodynamic equivalent diameter. The mass fractions associated with sub-micrometer particles (PM0.95) were 73–90 %, 34–71 % and 36–81 % for PAHs, PCBs and DDT compounds, respectively. The finest particles fraction had the highest aerosol surface concentration (6.3–29.7)×10?6 cm?1 (44–70 % of the surface concentration of all size fractions). The data set was used to test gas-particle partitioning models for semivolatile organics for the first time in terms of the organics' MSD and size-dependent PM composition. The results of this study prove that at the various sites particles with diverse size, matrix composition, amount of contaminants and toxicological effects occur. Legislative regulation based on gravimetric determination of PM mass can clearly be insufficient for assessment. 相似文献
12.
Due to its chemical composition, waste sludge generated in the paper industry may be used as a raw material for brick production. Brick manufacture is limited to the warmer months of the year whereas sludge is produced continuously by different effluent treatment devices. Therefore, it has to be stored until further processing. For this reason, it is essential that it is not subject to significant chemical and microbiological decomposition during storage. In the experiment, sludge from a tissue paper mill was tested for its stability. It was stored for several weeks during winter and summer periods in a pile, 2 m in height, in an open but covered store. Different leachable organic and inorganic compounds indicating possible ongoing deterioration processes, as well as pH value, redox potential, temperature, humidity and dry matter content were evaluated weekly in water extracts of homogenized sludge samples. According to the test results, the material may be considered to be chemically and microbiologically stable as there was practically no emission of odorous and toxic compounds such as H2S, NH3 and butyric acid despite prolonged storage times and elevated environmental temperatures. All the microbial species identified in the sludge during storage belong to the typical microflora of the environment. 相似文献
13.
KHADRO Basm NAMOUR Philippe BESSUEILLE Franc?ois LEONARD Didier JAFFREZIC-RENAULT Nicole 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(4):545-551
This article describes a conductometric bi-layer based bienzyme biosensor for the detection of proteins as a marker of organic matter
in rivers. Proteins were chosen to be used as indicators of urban pollution. The working mechanism of the bienzyme biosensor is based
on the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins into several fractions (peptides and amino acids), which results in a local conductivity change
depending of the concentration of proteins. In this work, we began with the optimization of biosensor response using bovine serum
albumin (BSA) as standard protein. For this objective seven enzymatic biosensors were prepared: four enzymatic sensors with only one
layer of enzyme (proteinase K, trypsin, pronase or protease X) and three other enzymatic sensors with two layers (first layer: membrane
containing proteinase K; second layer: one of the three other enzymes: trypsin, pronase or protease X). The biosensors were obtained
through the deposition of enzymatic layers and the cross-linking process between enzymes and BSA in saturated glutaraldehyde vapour.
The response of the various biosensors, described previously, were compared with the values of total organic carbon (TOC), and those of
organic nitrogen (Norg), as determined by the laboratory accredits (CEMAGREF of Lyon) using the traditional method of analysis (NF
EN 1484, infrared spectroscopy) and (NF EN 25663, mineralization/colorimetry assay) respectively for each water sample obtained
from di erent sites in Lyon (France). The linear correlations obtained with the response of the seven biosensors showed the most
important indices of correlations for the biosensor with two enzymatic layers: proteinase K + pronase (pkp). The optimum conditions
for the preparation of the pkp biosensor increased the sensitivity and gave a limit of quantification of 0.583 g/L for TOC and 0.218
g/L for Norg in water samples. This sensor shows good reproducibility (2.28%), a capacity to be used at temperatures range 10–
30°C (depending on the season) and moreover a long lifetime (5 weeks). 相似文献
14.
Marko Zupan Jürgen W. Einax Jörg Kraft Franc Lobnik Vida Hudnik 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2000,7(2):89-96
Geostatistical and multivariate methods of data analysis are used to describe patterns of soil pollution with inorganic contaminants
in Celje County, Slovenia. Groups of contaminants and polluted sites were identified using cluster analysis and confirmed
with multidimensional variance and discriminant analysis. Factor analysis yields an identification of not directly observable
relationships between the contaminants. The spatial structure and distribution of contaminants were assessed by applying semivariogram
analysis and kriging interpolation method. Zinc, Cd and Cu were identified as a pollutant emitted from the zinc smelter, Pb
also from other sources, and Cr and Ni mostly from geological parent material. 相似文献
15.
Al Sayegh Petkovsek S Batic F Ribaric Lasnik C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,151(2):287-291
This paper reports the results of total sulphur content, photosynthetic pigments, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) analysed in current-year needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in the area influenced by sulphur emissions from the Sostanj Thermal Power Plant (STPP), Slovenia, in the period 1991-2004. Ten differently polluted sampling sites in the emission area of STPP were selected. After desulphurization of emission gases from STPP total sulphur content in needles decreased and vitality parameters of needles increased. Moreover, a strong correlation between the average annual emissions of SO(2) from STPP and average annual sulphur content (increase) or average annual chlorophyll content (decrease) in current-year needles was found. The results showed that spruce needles may be an useful bioindicator for detecting changes in the emission rates of SO(2). 相似文献
16.
Tom Bajcar Brane irok Franc Cimerman Matja Eberlinc 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2008,21(6):613-619
The paper presents a model for the assessment of the influence of line markers on risk on transmission pipelines with natural gas. The impact of line markers on risk is determined as a function of the line marker recognisability, which in turn depends on the ability to discern a line marker from a distance. The model is based on physical properties of line markers, especially on their colour, measures and the colour of the environment. These properties served to quantitatively assess the discernability of two most frequently encountered types of line markers. Calculated distances at which a particular line marker is discernible were compared to the average distances between two line markers. Risk reduction factors were derived from the comparison between the calculated results and the data from the appropriate hazardous event database. Results of the model indicated significant dependence of the risk reduction factor due to line markers on the distance between two line markers and the weather conditions. The model shows its flexibility through its distinct dependence on local conditions along the pipeline route. It can serve as a supplement to the existing models for quantitative risk assessment on pipelines used in natural gas transportation. 相似文献
17.
Investigation at the scene of a crime begins with the search for clues. In the case of bloodstains, the most frequently used
reagents are luminol and reduced phenolphthalein (or phenolphthalin that is also known as the Kastle–Meyer colour test). The
limitations of these reagents have been studied and are well known. Household cleaning products have evolved with the times,
and new products with active oxygen are currently widely used, as they are considered to be highly efficient at removing all
kinds of stains on a wide range of surfaces. In this study, we investigated the possible effects of these new cleaning products
on latent bloodstains that may be left at a scene of a crime. To do so, various fabrics were stained with blood and then washed
using cleaning agents containing active oxygen. The results of reduced phenolphthalein, luminol and human haemoglobin tests
on the washed fabrics were negative. The conclusion is that these new products alter blood to such an extent that it can no
longer be detected by currently accepted methods employed in criminal investigations. This inability to locate bloodstains
means that highly important evidence (e.g. a DNA profile) may be lost. Consequently, it is important that investigators are
aware of this problem so as to compensate for it.
相似文献
Fernando Verdú (Corresponding author)Email: |
18.
Raymond I. Carruthers Marie K. Franc Wai S. Gee Allard A. Coss�� Brenda J. Grewell John J. Beck 《Chemoecology》2011,21(4):253-259
The flea beetle Altica litigata (Chrysomelidae) is an insect herbivore to plants within the families Lythraceae and Onagraceae, including ornamentals such
as crape myrtle, Lagerstroemia spp. This insect is important both as a pest species and as a naturally occurring biological control agent due to its aggregate
feeding behavior, which typically results in severe defoliation of the host plant. Despite the negative economic impact to
ornamentals and contrary benefits as a biological control agent, there are few reports on the semiochemical communication
of this family of insects. Uruguayan primrose-willow (Ludwigia hexapetala) is an invasive aquatic weed in California and serves as a host to A. litigata. To better characterize this association, the volatile emissions of A. litigata were collected while the flea beetles were: in containers by themselves, in containers with L. hexapetala leaves, in situ on L. hexapetala leaves in a growth chamber, and in situ on L. hexapetala leaves in the field. For comparison, the volatile emissions of A. litigata associated with two subspecies of creeping water primrose (L. peploides) were also evaluated. Two himachalene-type sesquiterpenes, showing the same carbon skeleton as compounds previously reported
from Aphthona flava and Epitrix fuscula, were detected as volatiles from A. litigata. 相似文献