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311.
Ernesto Salzano Francesco Cammarota Almerinda Di Benedetto Valeria Di Sarli 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(3):443-447
The effects of enriching natural gas with hydrogen on local flame extinction, combustion instabilities and power output have been widely studied for both stationary and mobile systems. On the contrary, the issues of explosion safety for hydrogen–methane mixtures are still under investigation.In this work, experimental tests were performed in a 5 L closed cylindrical vessel for explosions of hydrogen–methane mixtures in stoichiometric air. Different compositions of hydrogen–methane were tested (from pure methane to pure hydrogen) at varying initial pressures (1, 3 and 6 bar).Results have allowed the quantification of the combined effects of both mixture composition (i.e., hydrogen content in the fuel) and initial pressure on maximum pressure, maximum rate of pressure rise and burning velocity. The measured burning velocities were also correlated by means of a Le Chatelier’s Rule-like formula. Good predictions have been obtained (at any initial pressure), except for mixtures with hydrogen molar content in the fuel higher than 50%. 相似文献
312.
Francesco Dalla Longa Teun Strikkers Tom Kober Bob van der Zwaan 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2018,23(6):627-637
One of the main goals in pursuing sustainable development is to provide universal access to modern energy services, notably through the use of off-grid renewable energy technologies. To date, integrated assessment models (IAMs) poorly address energy access targets. In the context of research dedicated to energy scenarios and climate change mitigation in Africa, we attempt to advance the representation of energy access in one such IAM by using GIS data. In a case study for Ethiopia with the TIAM-ECN model, we demonstrate that by enriching an IAM with information derived from GIS databases, insights are obtained that better capture the dynamics of energy access developments, in comparison to conventional IAM analysis of energy technology deployment pathways. When duly accounting for the geographical spread in demography and technology costs in a developing country, we find that many people may gain access to electricity in remote areas thanks to the availability of affordable off-grid power production options that render expensive grid extensions unnecessary. This effect is not explicitly accounted for in most traditional IAMs. By the middle of the century, off-grid technologies could provide affordable electricity to 70% of the Ethiopian population, based almost entirely on renewable sources such as wind, solar and hydropower. 相似文献
313.
Ranjbari Meisam Shams Esfandabadi Zahra Scagnelli Simone Domenico Siebers Peer-Olaf Quatraro Francesco 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(11):16646-16673
Environment, Development and Sustainability - As a response to the urgent call for recovery actions against the COVID-19 crisis, this research aims to identify action priority areas... 相似文献
314.
315.
Rufino Francesco Busico Gianluigi Cuoco Emilio Muscariello Lidia Calabrese Sergio Tedesco Dario 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):2083-2099
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - An integrated approach using chemical and microbial indicators has been tested in two different sites of the Campania Plain (Southern Italy) with different... 相似文献
316.
Alberto Pivato Francesco Garbo Marco Moretto Maria Cristina Lavagnolo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(36):35936-35948
The cultivation of energy crops on landfills represents an important challenge for the near future, as the possibility to use devalued sites for energy production is very attractive. In this study, four scenarios have been assessed and compared with respect to a reference case defined for northern Italy. The scenarios were defined taking into consideration current energy crops issues. In particular, the first three scenarios were based on energy maximisation, phytotreatment ability, and environmental impact, respectively. The fourth scenario was a combination of these characteristics emphasised by the previous scenarios. A multi-criteria analysis, based on economic, energetic, and environmental aspects, was performed. From the analysis, the best scenario resulted to be the fourth, with its ability to pursue several objectives simultaneously and obtain the best score relatively to both environmental and energetic criteria. On the contrary, the economic criterion emerges as weak, as all the considered scenarios showed some limits from this point of view. Important indications for future designs can be derived. The decrease of leachate production due to the presence of energy crops on the top cover, which enhances evapotranspiration, represents a favourable but critical aspect in the definition of the results. 相似文献
317.
This study applies Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to present an eco-balance of a recycling plant that treats spent lead–acid batteries. The recycling plant uses pyrometallurgical treatment to obtain lead from spent batteries. The application of LCA methodology (ISO 14040 series) enabled us to assess the potential environmental impacts arising from the recycling plants operations. Thus, net emissions of greenhouse gases as well as other major environmental consequences were examined and hot spots inside the recycling plant were identified. A sensitivity analysis was also performed on certain variables to evaluate their effect on the LCA study. The LCA of a recycling plant for spent lead–acid batteries presented shows that this methodology allows all of the major environmental consequences associated with lead recycling using the pyrometallurgical process to be examined. The study highlights areas in which environmental improvements are easily achievable by a business, providing a basis for suggestions to minimize the environmental impact of its production phases, improving process and company performance in environmental terms. 相似文献
318.
Francesco Lucarelli Paolo De Stefano Luigi G. Napolitano Pasquale Murino Rosario Vigliotti 《Environmental management》1994,18(4):597-604
After a critical analysis of the strategies for conservation of the environment in Latin America and of large-scale development
projects (agriculture and livestock raising, mining and electrical power plants) in the Amazon region of Brazil, this paper
deals with the use of high-resolution satellite imagery for environmental monitoring. Two areas were considered in the study,
Tucurui and Altamira. Spot/XS and Landsat/TM multispectral images were used, together with color aerial photographs of these
areas. A computer-assisted visual interpretation procedure was employed to analyze images, and linear multispectral transformation
was applied in selected subscenes in order to improve information extraction. The results indicate that high-resolution satellite
imagery is generally compatible with the scale of the environmental problems in Amazonia and is a very efficient source of
detailed information at a local scale on many aspects of the environment, in particular for monitoring changes over time in
selected areas. Therefore, commercial satellite imagery, processed by specialized software, can accommodate a variety of analysis
needs for decision makers and can also be an effective means of verification of international agreements on conservation of
the environment in Amazonia. 相似文献
319.
Zuo Tong How Ina Kristian Francesco Busetti Kathryn L. Linge Cynthia A. Joll 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(8):2-18
This paper is a critical review of current knowledge of organic chloramines in water systems,including their formation, stability, toxicity, analyticalmethods for detection, and their impact
on drinking water treatment and quality. The term organic chloramines may refer to any
halogenated organic compounds measured as part of combined chlorine (the difference
between themeasured free and total chlorine concentrations), andmay include N-chloramines,
N-chloramino acids, N-chloraldimines and N-chloramides. Organic chloramines can form
when dissolved organic nitrogen or dissolved organic carbon react with either free chlorine
or inorganic chloramines. They are potentially harmful to humans and may exist as an
intermediate for other disinfection by-products. However, little information is available on the
formation or occurrence of organic chloramines in water due to a number of challenges. One of
the biggest challenges for the identification and quantification of organic chloramines in water
systems is the lack of appropriate analytical methods. In addition, many of the organic
chloramines that formduring disinfection are unstable,which results in difficulties in sampling
and detection. To date research has focussed on the study of organic monochloramines.
However, given that breakpoint chlorination is commonly undertaken in water treatment
systems, the formation of organic dichloramines should also be considered. Organic
chloramines can be formed frommany different precursors and pathways. Therefore, studying
the occurrence of their precursors in water systems would enable better prediction and
management of their formation. 相似文献
320.
Volpi Ghirardini Annamaria Losso Chiara Arizzi Novelli Alessandra Ba Alvise Edouard His Ghetti Pier Francesco 《Chemistry and Ecology》2005,21(6):455-463
The possibility of using Mytilus galloprovincialis from natural populations of the lagoon of Venice in toxicity bioassays based on embryo development, according to international standard methods, was investigated. In order to valuate this method for the lagoon, iterative steps including evaluation of reproducibility, sensitivity and discriminatory capacity towards some pure substances and environmental samples were performed. Evaluation of sensitivity towards a reference toxicant (copper) evidenced good replicability and repeatability. Results showed that natural population is better than hatchery population for performing bioassays. Evaluation of applicability to elutriates revealed that the method is able to discriminate among sediments of the lagoon of Venice at different typologies and levels of contamination, showing an important effect for almost all study sites. 相似文献