Design and demonstration of a next-generation air quality attainment assessment system for PM2.5 and O3

Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test—Community Edition (SMAT-CE) is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O₃ and PM_2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM_2.5 and 8-hour O₃ for a proposed emission control policy.     

Development and case study of a science-based software platform to support policy making on air quality

This article describes the development and implementations of a novel software platform that supports real-time, science-based policy making on air quality through a user-friendly interface. The software, RSM-VAT, uses a response surface modeling (RSM) methodology and serves as a visualization and analysis tool (VAT) for three-dimensional air quality data obtained by atmospheric models. The software features a number of powerful and intuitive data visualization functions for illustrating the complex nonlinear relationship between emission reductions and air quality benefits. The case study of contiguous U.S. demonstrates that the enhanced RSM-VAT is capable of reproducing the air quality model results with Normalized Mean Bias < 2% and assisting in air quality policy making in near real time.     

Toluene decomposition performance and NOx by-product formation during a DBD-catalyst process

Characteristics of toluene decomposition and formation of nitrogen oxide (NO_x) by-products were investigated in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor with/without catalyst at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Four kinds of metal oxides, i.e., manganese oxide (MnOx), iron oxide (FeOx), cobalt oxide (CoOx) and copper oxide (CuO), supported on Al₂O₃/nickel foam, were used as catalysts. It was found that introducing catalysts could improve toluene removal efficiency, promote decomposition of by-product ozone and enhance CO₂ selectivity. In addition,NO_xwas suppressedwith the decrease of specific energy density (SED) and the increase of humidity, gas flow rate and toluene concentration, or catalyst introduction. Among the four kinds of catalysts, the CuO catalyst showed the best performance in NO_x suppression. The MnOx catalyst exhibited the lowest concentration of O₃ and highest CO₂ selectivity but the highest concentration of NOx. A possible pathway for NOx production in DBD was discussed. The contributions of oxygen active species and hydroxyl radicals are dominant in NOx suppression.     

一株高效产絮菌的筛选、絮凝条件优化及对重金属废水处理性能研究

从活性污泥、水体底泥、植物根系土壤和草莓种植土壤中筛选、分离、纯化,获得了高絮凝活性的菌株,并考察发酵液用量、助凝剂用量以及碳、氮源种类对絮凝活性的影响及菌株对实际重金属废水的絮凝作用。结果表明:以葡萄糖为碳源,酵母膏为氮源,菌体发酵液用量0.2 m L,助凝剂用量0.8 m L时,菌株QB1的絮凝性最高,可达到93%。其对多种重金属废水均具有较好的处理性能,对含铅废水的去除率最高可达99%以上。     

Salinity influence on soil microbial respiration rate of wetland in the Yangtze River estuary through changing microbial community

Estuarine wetland, where freshwater mixes with salt water, comprises different regions（rivers and marine ecosystems） with significantly varying tidal salinities. Two sampling areas, ZXS and JS, were selected to investigate the effect of tidal salinity on soil respiration（SR）. ZXS and JS were located in Zhongxia Shoal and Jiangyanan Shoal of Jiuduansha Wetland respectively, with similar elevation and plant species, but significantly different in salinity. The results showed that with almost identical plant biomass, the SR and soil microbial respiration（SMR） of the tidal wetland with lower salinity（JS） were significantly higher than those of the tidal wetland with higher salinity（ZXS）（p 〈 0.05）. However, unlike SMR and SR, the difference in the soil microbial biomass（SMB） was not significant（p 〉 0.05）with the SMB of ZXS a little higher than that of JS. The higher SMR and SR of JS may be closely connected to the soil microbial community structures and amount of dominant bacteria. Abundant β- and γ-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in JS soil, which have strong heterotrophic metabolic capabilities, could be the main reason for higher SMR and SR,whereas a high number of ε-Proteobacteria in ZXS, some of which have carbon fixation ability, could be responsible for relatively lower carbon output. Path analysis indicated that soil salinity had the maximum negative total influencing coefficient with SMR among the various soil physical and chemical factors, suggesting that higher soil salinity, restricting highly heterotrophic bacteria, is the principle reason for lower SMR and SR in the ZXS.     

空气质量预测数据的三维雾化展示技术

在国家＂863＂项目＂重点城市群大气复合污染综合防治技术与集成示范项目＂的研究中,通过利用DirectX3D编程技术将体积雾与体纹理技术进行创造性结合,实现了空气质量预测数据的三维雾化展示。本文主要阐述了此研究的背景、研究过程、技术要点及研究成果。     

煤制气废水处理技术研究进展综述

基于中国能源结构特点,新型煤化工产业近年来得到大力推进,尤其煤制气项目发展迅速,而煤化工废水处理及综合利用成为限制其发展的瓶颈因素之一。文中介绍了煤制气废水来源、特点、处理难度,依照煤制气废水的常规处理流程,从预处理、生化处理、深度处理三个方面详细介绍国内外煤制气废水处理应用实例及技术研究现状,指出废水处理关键问题,为解决煤制气产业废水治理问题提供参考。     

环境影响评价中公众参与问题的研究

公众参与作为环境影响评价的重要内容之一,对于公民更好的行使环境保护权利,提高政府的执行力及项目的环境和经济效益具有重要的作用和意义。文章基于《建设项目环境影响评价政府信息公开指南》(试行)、《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》、《环境影响评价公众参与暂行办法》等相关法律法规及技术规范,从公众参与的开展类别、调查范围、调查方式等方面阐述如何开展公众参与工作,以期为今后更好开展公众参与工作提供参考和借鉴。     

污水处理厂脱水机操作运行研究

文章紧密结合污水处理厂脱水工艺中新型离心脱水机的应用实际,对Flottweg离心脱水机的结构原理、操作特点、工艺参数控制进行了阐述,通过对转鼓转速、差速、进料流量、絮凝剂投加量及种类、进料扭矩和液池深度等参数的选择,探讨了离心脱水机运行工况的优化,并对一些运行中所出现的问题进行了分析.此外,针对运行实例,在分析了污泥成份性质的基础上,对脱水机的综合控制与调整进行了研究,为离心脱水机最优化运行提供经验和参考.     

甬沪宁管线中水击现象的产生与防范

长距离原油管道在密闭输送过程中,出现非正常停泵、误关阀门等均会引起水击现象发生,水击波沿管道传播,极易导致管道局部超压而造成管道破裂、设备损坏等事故.鉴于甬沪宁管线落差大、管道水力工况复杂等特点,分析水击现象的产生并加以防范是十分必要的.