煤矿安全系统的计算机统计控制方法

煤矿安全系统在稳定状态，安全监测设备的数据符合正态分布。无事故发生时，控制图表示监测数据样本均值和极差的数据应以９９．７％的概率落在控制区内。运用统计学理论和方法分析、控制均值和极差点的位置及点间关系，可以达到预测和控制安全系统事故的发生和发展的目的。     

中国高等环境教育体系现状分析

通过中国高等环境教育体系现状的系统分析，就面向２１世纪的中国高等环境教育的改革和发展提出了完善专业环境教育的层次结构，尽快建成合理完善的环境类学科专业体系及其相应的课程体系，大力发展成人高等环境教育，在非环境专业全面普及环境教育等建议．     

创建新模式实现企业安全管理全面转变

陕西精密合金股份有限公司(陕精集团)在吸取国内外现代安全管理经验基础上,创建了以事故“零”为目标,以责任制为保证,以双标(标准作业、标准化班组)为基础,以全员培训、全面管理、全线预防为对策的“连环式安全管理工作法”。实践证明,实行这一工作法成效显著,陕精集团实现连续十年工亡事故为“零”,千人负伤率逐年下降0.06。自1996年以来,陕精集团先后荣获冶金部、陕西省、西安市各项奖励26项次。此工作法在冶金行业、西北地区得到推广,成为厂长、经理安全资格培训的指定内容。     

农村环境污染原因分析及防治措施研究

本文全面分析了造成农村环境污染的主要原因,并提出了防治措施。     

我国半导体工业的产品代谢研究

利用产品代谢分析方法首次对我国半导体工业的整体硅元素和能源利用率进行了定量研究.根据我国半导体工业的产品代谢模型计算得出2002年我国半导体工业的硅元素利用率为2.6%,每生产1 kg硅总能耗为5 704kW·h,而1998年全球半导体工业硅元素平均利用率为9.6%,生产1kg硅总能耗为2 130 kW·h.进一步在产品链和关键环节分析基础上,确定了我国在硅元素利用率和能源利用率上与世界平均水平差距最大的环节.通过成因分析,提出了改善措施和途径.      

微生物燃料电池在污水处理中的研究进展

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)利用微生物催化剂将其代谢能直接转化为电能,具有原料广泛、反应条件温和、清洁高效等优点.简述了MFC的工作原理及分类,总结了用于污水处理的MFC的性能及其影响因素.探讨了MFC在实际应用中的瓶颈,并展望其在污水处理中的应用前景.     

ISO14000系列环境管理国际标准概述

概述了ISO14000系列环境管理国际标准的内容、分类、特点及其作用。介绍了企业实施该系列标准所应采取的步骤和措施。该系列标准由环境管理体系、环境行为评价、生命周期评估、环境管理、产品标准中的环境因素等系列组成,可指导企业表现正确的环境行为,提升企业的竞争力。     

Au nanoring arrays as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate for chemical component study of individual atmospheric aerosol particle

Monolayer-ordered gold nanoring arrays were prepared by ion-sputtering method and used as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates to test the individual atmospheric aerosols particle. Compared to other methods used for testing atmospheric aerosols particles, the collection and subsequent detection in our work is performed directly on the gold nanoring SERS substrate without any treatment of the analyte. The SERS performance can be tuned by changing the depth of the gold nanoring cavity as originating from coupling of dipolar modes at the inner and outer surfaces of the nanorings. The electric field exhibits uniform enhancement and polarization in the ordered Au nanoring substrate, which can improve the accuracy for detecting atmospheric aerosol particles. Combined with Raman mapping, the information about chemical composition of individual atmospheric aerosols particle and distribution of specific components can be presented visually. The results show the potential of SERS in enabling improved analysis of aerosol particle chemical composition, mixing state, and other related physicochemical properties.     

Chemical Composition and Sources of PM10 and PM2.5 Aerosols in Guangzhou, China

Aerosol samples of PM10 and PM2.5 are collected in summertime at four monitoring sites in Guangzhou, China. The concentrations of organic and elemental carbons (OC/EC), inorganic ions, and elements in PM10 and PM2.5 are also quantified. Our study aims to: (1) characterize the particulate concentrations and associated chemical species in urban atmosphere (2) identify the potential sources and estimate their apportionment. The results show that average concentration of PM2.5 (97.54 μg m⁻³) in Guangzhou significantly exceeds the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) 24-h average of 65 μg m⁻³. OC, EC, Sulfate, ammonium, K, V, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Cd and Se are mainly in PM2.5 fraction of particles, while chloride, nitrate, Na, Mg, Al, Fe, Ca, Ti and Mn are mainly in PM2.5-10 fraction. The major components such as sulfate, OC and EC account for about 70–90% of the particulate mass. Enrichment factors (EF) for elements are calculated to indicate that elements of anthropogenic origins (Zn, Pb, As, Se, V, Ni, Cu and Cd) are highly enriched with respect to crustal composition (Al, Fe, Ca, Ti and Mn). Ambient and source data are used in the multi-variable linearly regression analysis for source identification and apportionment, indicating that major sources and their apportionments of ambient particulate aerosols in Guangzhou are vehicle exhaust by 38.4% and coal combustion by 26.0%, respetively.     

Copper recovery from leach solution of waste printed circuit boards by pulse current electrodeposition

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The copper recovery from waste printed circuit boards is of great significance to protect natural resource and environment. Direct current...