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541.
542.
This paper reviews the progress in climate change adaptation (CCA) policies both under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and in major regions and countries, including the EU and its major member countries, the influential developed countries in the Asia-Pacific region, the emerging economies and the least developed countries (LDCs). The progress made in China in CCA policies is also reviewed and compared with that in other countries. Finally, good international practices are proposed for China’s policy development. It is found that adaptation has been given the same priority as mitigation since the twenty-first century with regard to climate change-related actions. The topics related to adaptation in the international climate change negotiations under the UNFCCC have evolved from mechanisms for finance and technology development and transfer exclusively in the early stages to implementation of practical adaptation programs and actions. Since 2006, major developed and developing countries have frequently set forward specific CCA policies or general climate change policies involving adaptation in the form of laws, frameworks, strategies, and plans. The LDCs have also been working on National Adaptation Programmes of Action and subsequent National Adaptation Plans with the support from the financial mechanisms under the UNFCCC. Therefore, globally, it has become a common practice to develop national or regional policies to plan and guide CCA actions. China has established climate change policies involving adaptation at the national, regional, and sectorial levels since 2007. However, these policies have strong limitations in their knowledge base, strategic positioning, contents, and implementation mechanisms, e.g. lack of a sound knowledge base, an international perspective, clear responsibilities for policy implementation, and appropriate monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. It is recommended that China should further strengthen its technical capabilities in climate change projections as well as impact, vulnerability, and risk assessment, and develop methodologies and techniques for the preparation, impact assessment and implementation of CCA policies. Furthermore, future CCA strategies or plans should be developed with an emphasis on China’s vision and strategic position on the world stage. 相似文献
543.
风力发电具有公认的环保优势,但由此产生的风力发电工程对局部生态环境及噪声等影响日益受到人们的关注,主要体现在风轮机的视觉污染、噪音、鸟类安全及电磁干扰等方面。探索风电场污染途径,消除或减缓风电场给环境带来的不良影响,对风电行业可持续发展将具有十分重要意义。目前,鉴于有关风电场运营期声环境影响文献较少,本文基于望江屯风电场二期(49.5MW)工程建设,探析风力发电工程声环境影响,为风电场建设控制噪声污染提供理论依据。 相似文献
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A laboratory-scale study with a sand column was designed to simulate trichloroethylene(TCE) pollution in the aquifer environment with three-section controlled-release potassium permanganate(CRP) barriers.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of CRP barriers in remediation of TCE in aquifers in a long-term and controlled manner.CRP particles with a 1:3 molar ratio of KMnO 4 to stearic acid showed the best controlled-release properties in pure water,and the theoretical release time was 138.5 days.The results of TCE removal in the test column indicated that complete removal efficiency of TCE in a sand column by three-section CRP barriers could be reached within 15 days.The molar ratio of KMnO 4 to TCE in the three-section CRP barriers was 16:1,which was much lower than 82:1 as required when KMnO 4 solution is used directly to achieve complete destruction of TCE.This result revealed that the efficiency of CRP for remediation of TCE was highly improved after encapsulation. 相似文献
547.
Yu Chen Jie Fu Tong Ye Xiaomin Li Ke Gao Qiao Xue Jungang Lv Aiqian Zhang Jianjie Fu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(11):219-236
Certain poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) exhibit significant bioaccumulation/biomagnification behaviors in ecosystems. PFASs, such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and related precursors, have elicited attention from both public and national regulatory agencies, which has resulted in worldwide restrictions on their production and use. Apex predators occupy the top trophic positions in ecosystems and are most affected by the biomagnification behavior of PFASs. Meanwhile, the long lifespans of apex predators also lead to the high body burden of PFASs. The high body burden of PFASs might be linked to adverse health effects and even pose a potential threat to their reproduction. As seen in previous reviews of PFASs, knowledge is lacking between the current stage of the PFAS body burden and related effects in apex predators. This review summarized PFAS occurrence in global apex predators, including information on the geographic distribution, levels, profiles, and tissue distribution, and discussed the trophic transfer and ecotoxicity of PFASs. In the case where legacy PFASs were restricted under international convention, the occurrence of novel PFASs, such as 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA) and perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulfonate (PFECHS), in apex predators arose as an emerging issue. Future studies should develop an effective analytical method and focus on the toxicity and trophic transfer behavior of novel PFASs. 相似文献
548.
管道的湿气输送过程是典型的低持液率气液两相流工况。从湿气输送过程积液形成的机理出发,分析了流体性质、输送条件、管道结构3类参数对积液形成的影响规律,结果表明管道倾角、管径、气液比是积液形成的主要影响因素。回顾了理论模型的发展历程并对比分析了不同模型的精确性,阐述了各稳态和瞬态模拟软件的适用范围和优缺点,介绍了超声波等无损检测技术在流型识别和积液高度检测领域的应用现状,进而分析了3种方法各自存在的不足,展望了未来的研究方向可以从多起伏大倾角粗管径室内实验工况、高精度可视化多相流模拟器以及高精度易操作非介入式检测技术开展,为集输管线的积液消除和管线长周期安全运行发挥关键支撑作用。 相似文献
549.
Congrui Deng Guochen Wang Kan Huang Qingyan Fu Jia Chen Juntao Huo Qianbiao Zhao Yusen Duan Yanfen Lin Fan Yang Wenjie Zhang Hao Li Jian Xu Xiaofei Qin Na Zhao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(12):115-127
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is disrupting the world from many aspects. In this study, the impact of emission variations on PM2.5-bound elemental species and health risks associated to inhalation exposure has been analyzed based on real-time measurements at a remote coastal site in Shanghai during the pandemic. Most trace elemental species decreased significantly and displayed almost no diel peaks during the lockdown. After the lockdown, they rebounded rapidly, of which V and Ni even exceeded the levels before the lockdown, suggesting the recovery of both inland and shipping activities. Five sources were identified based on receptor modeling. Coal combustion accounted for more than 70% of the measured elemental concentrations before and during the lockdown. Shipping emissions, fugitive/mineral dust, and waste incineration all showed elevated contributions after the lockdown. The total non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) for the target elements exceeded the risk threshold for both children and adults with chloride as the predominant species contributing to HQ. Whereas, the total carcinogenic risk (TR) for adults was above the acceptable level and much higher than that for children. Waste incineration was the largest contributor to HQ, while manufacture processing and coal combustion were the main sources of TR. Lockdown control measures were beneficial for lowering the carcinogenic risk while unexpectedly increased the non-carcinogenic risk. From the perspective of health effects, priorities of control measures should be given to waste incineration, manufacture processing, and coal combustion. A balanced way should be reached between both lowering the levels of air pollutants and their health risks. 相似文献
550.
研究了不同浓度下几种阴离子(NO3-、SO42-、H2PO4-、SiO32-)对球磨零价铁(BZVI)除砷规律的影响,探讨了上述阴离子对BZVI氧化As(Ⅲ)能力的影响,三价砷及五价砷的转化机制,及BZVI腐蚀产物.研究证实,不同浓度的NO3-和SO42-对砷去除效率影响不显著,但是随着H2PO4-和SiO32-浓度升高,溶液中As(V)分别由25.1%上升到83.6%和下降到3.8%;通过SEM和拉曼光谱分析发现,H2PO4-促进BZVI的腐蚀,导致As(Ⅲ)氧化能力增强;而铁表面形成二氧化硅聚合物或非晶固相则是SiO32-降低BZVI对砷氧化和吸附能力的主要机制. 相似文献