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621.
Song Cui Qiang Fu Yi-Fan Li Wen-long Li Tian-xiao Li Min Wang Zhen-xiang Xing Lu-ji Zhang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(16):15952-15962
This study investigated the contamination levels, homologue, and congener profiles and evaluated the residue inventory of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment of the Songhua River in the vicinity of cement plant. The total concentration of detected 35 PCB congeners ranged from 1.12 to 2.19 ng/g dry weight (dw) in sediment, with a mean value of 1.56 ng/g dw, and the concentration of PCBs decreased in the following order: the downstream?>?cement plant?>?upstream. The results of total organic carbon (TOC)-normalized PCB concentrations indicate that the sediments have low potential ecological risk in this area. The study results on homologue and congener of PCBs show that the emissions from cement production could be the major sources of PCBs in sediment, and the low-chlorinated PCBs will be exchanged among air, water, and sediment with increasing temperature during summer and flow to downstream with water during the wet season. The spatial density and total burden of PCBs in the surface sediments were 17.2 ng/cm2 and 1.2 kg, respectively. To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore the pollution characteristics of unintentionally produced PCB emissions from cement industry by means of monitoring sediment samples. 相似文献
622.
垃圾的TOC含量是评价垃圾矿质腐殖化机理研究的重要指标,以本课题组模拟垃圾填埋系统中的垃圾样品为研究对象,以土壤TOC测定方法为基础,通过单因素实验和正交实验(L25(56))对垃圾样品的TOC的测定方法进行优化。结果表明,TOC测定优化条件为:风干样品(0.1±0.0005)g,Ag2SO40.075 g,0.4 mol/L(1/6K2Cr2O7)-H2SO4溶液(含1/2H2SO412.6 mol/L)10 mL,180℃的砂浴加热45 min。此条件下,RSD小于3.23%,表明该方法精密度高,可行性强。 相似文献
623.
采用移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)处理配制模拟废水,实验结果表明,水力停留时间为6h、悬浮填料填充率为40%时,在不同C/N/P比率条件下,MBBR对COD、NH4+-N和TN去除性能好且稳定,平均去除率分别达到90%、94.8%和62.39%以上,而TP的去除率受C/N/P值影响较大,当C/N/P的比值为100/10/1.8时,平均去除率达到58.03%。一定的溶解氧(DO)质量浓度能保证反应器中COD、NH4-N高效稳定的去除,同时是TN和TP同时去除的重要影响因素,在MBBR中最佳DO值约为3mg/L。由于附着在悬浮填料生物膜内部存在厌氧、缺氧微环境条件,在反应器中存在少量的反硝化聚磷菌。 相似文献
624.
采用聚乙二醇活化原材料百合杆,分别在300%和600℃对活化后百合杆进行炭化,制得炭化百合杆,用于吸附废水中的苯酚。实验考察了pH值、吸附时间和吸附质初始浓度对苯酚吸附的影响,采用Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin.Radushkevich等温式分别对该吸附过程进行描述,并结合实验数据对比了准一级和准二级动力学模型。结果表明:炭化百合杆对苯酚的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温式和准二级动力学模型,计算了热力学参数(△G、△H和△s),说明该吸附过程为自发进行。碳化百合杆对苯酚具有良好吸附性能。 相似文献
625.
626.
An T Zhang D Li G Mai B Fu J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(12):3529-3535
Gas samples and total suspended particle during work and off work time were investigated on-site and off-site electronic waste dismantling workshop (I- and O-EWDW), then compared with plastic recycling workshop (PRW) and waste incineration plant (WIP). TSP concentrations and total PBDE were 0.36-2.21 mg/m3 and 27-2975 ng/m3 at different workshops, respectively. BDE-47, -99, and -209 were major ∑PBDE congeners at I-EWDW and WIP, while BDE-209 was only dominant congener in PRW and control sites during work time and all sites during off work time. The gas-particle partitioning result was well correlated with the subcooled liquid vapor pressure for all samples, except for WIP and I-EDWD, at park during work time, and residential area during off work time. The predicted urban curve fitted well with measured φ values at O-DEWD during work time, whereas it was slightly overestimated or underestimated for others. Exposure assessment revealed the highest exposure site was I-EDWD. 相似文献
627.
One major challenge faced by Beijing is dealing with the enormous amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated, which contains a high percentage of food waste. Source separation is considered an effective means of reducing waste and enhancing recycling. However, few studies have focused on quantification of the mechanism of source separation activity. Therefore, this study was conducted to establish a mathematical model of source separation activity (MSSA) that correlates the source separation ratio with the following parameters: separation facilities, awareness, separation transportation, participation atmosphere, environmental profit, sense of honor, and economic profit. The MSSA consisted of two equations, one related to the behavior generation stage and one related to the behavior stability stage. The source separation ratios of the residential community, office building, and primary and middle school were calculated using the MSSA. Data for analysis were obtained from a 1-yr investigation and a questionnaire conducted at 128 MSW clusters around Beijing. The results revealed that office buildings had an initial separation ratio of 80% and a stable separation ratio of 65.86%, whereas residential communities and primary and middle schools did not have a stable separation ratio. The MSSA curve took on two shapes. In addition, internal motivations and the separation transportation ratio were found to be key parameters of the MSSA. This model can be utilized for other cities and countries. 相似文献
628.
629.
630.
Primitive e-waste dismantling activities have been of increasing concern due to serious environmental and human health problems, and therefore authorities in China have strengthened the regulations on illegal e-waste recycling activities. In this work, we used rice hull as a passive sampler and investigated temporal trends of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in areas near e-waste recycling sites after the stricter regulations. Furthermore, the distribution patterns and composition profiles of these contaminants were also discussed. The average concentrations of the three groups of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in rice hulls have markedly decreased during the period of 2005-2009. Specifically, from 12.9 (average value in 2005) to 0.37 pg WHO-TEQ/g (dry weight, dw) (in 2009) for PCDD/Fs, 47.6 (2005) to 7.10 ng g−1 dw (2009) for PCBs, and 2.51 (2005) to 0.89 ng g−1, dw (2009) for PBDEs. The significant decrease of combustion markers 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,6,7,8HxCDF and PCB126, and the PCDD/PCDF ratio from 1:9 (2005) to 7:3 (2009) is likely a result of stricter regulations on open combustion activities. This study suggests that stricter control measures, strengthened laws and regulations and more environmental friendly techniques could be effective measures in reducing the release and formation of related POPs in typical e-waste dismantling sites, and these measures could further improve the quality of the environment and health of the local inhabitants. 相似文献