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871.
研究了23 mM (ALK23)和124 mM (ALK124) HCO-3对铜绿微囊藻(〖WTBX〗Microcystis aeruginosa〖WTBZ〗 FACHB 927)生长与光合特性的影响。实验结果表明,ALK23显著抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,至培养结束,与对照相比对生物量的抑制率为38%,ALK124条件下虽然至培养结束生物量没有显著变化,但碱度增加铜绿微囊藻生物量有一个快速的增殖期,之后其生长速率持续下降。碱度增加强烈抑制光合色素Chla的合成,ALK23和ALK124条件下对Chla含量抑制率分别为74%和56%。藻胆蛋白与叶绿素a的比值(PBP/Chla)在碱度增加的条件下有显著升高。HCO-3碱度增加,铜绿微囊藻的光合活性先降低之后逐渐恢复,至处理结束表现出低碱度(ALK23)促进光合活性,高碱度(ALK124)对光合活性影响不显著。说明HCO-3碱度增加对铜绿微囊藻有一定伤害作用,与高碱度(ALK124)相比,低碱度(ALK23)对细胞的伤害程度更大,随着细胞的增殖,碱度对细胞的伤害作用逐渐恢复,且低碱度下细胞恢复更快。暗示碱度可以作为水华控制的手段之一. 相似文献
872.
873.
选用菲黄竹、箬竹和鹅毛竹这3种地被竹在Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb复合污染农田上进行为期2 a的田间试验,分析其在污染条件下的生长富集特征,并结合土壤中重金属含量变化情况,对比3种地被竹对重金属复合污染的修复潜力.结果表明,菲黄竹在重金属复合污染农田上适应性最好,生长株数为种植时的63.8倍.3种地被竹体内重金属含量均集中在根部,且对Cd的富集效果最好,对Pb的富集能力最差.3个竹种的根部和鞭部的Cd富集系数均远大于1,其中菲黄竹和箬竹根部富集系数分别为17.68和14.63.重金属累积量则主要集中在根部和鞭部,其中菲黄竹对Cu、Zn和Cd的累积量分别为157.14、363.3和7.18 g·hm-2,高于鹅毛竹和箬竹.种植2 a后,地被竹周围表层土壤中重金属含量较种植前均有下降,其中Cd含量下降最多,为39.6%~40.4%.此外,菲黄竹和鹅毛竹根际土壤中Cu、Zn和Cd含量均显著小于表层土壤(P<0.05).试验证明,3种地被竹对Cd均有较强富集能力,可作为Cd修复植物继续深入研究;菲黄竹在生长状况、重金属富集量和累积量等方面均优于箬竹和鹅毛竹,对土壤重金属复合污染修复潜力最高. 相似文献
874.
重庆市酸沉降污染经济损失估算 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
重庆市酸沉降降污染严重,为确定其造成的经济损失,经经济社会发展决策提供依据和拟订,选择满意的防治姑人群健康和农林污染危害调查,材料挂片耐蚀试验,模拟酸沉降实验等基础上,用人力资本法,市场价值法和投入产出损益比较法进行估算。 相似文献
875.
Deping Li Jianguo Liu Jiaoshi Zhang Huaqiao Gui Peng Du Tongzhu Yu Jie Wang Yihuai Lu Wenqing Liu Yin Cheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(6):214-229
Trajectory clustering, potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) methods were applied to investigate the transport pathways and identify potential sources of PM2.5 and PM10 in different seasons from June 2014 to May 2015 in Beijing. The cluster analyses showed that Beijing was affected by trajectories from the south and southeast in summer and autumn. In winter and spring, Beijing was not only affected by the trajectories from the south and southeast, but was also affected by trajectories from the north and northwest. In addition, the analyses of the pressure profile of backward trajectories showed that backward trajectories, which have important influence on Beijing, were mainly distributed above 970 hPa in summer and autumn and below 950 hPa in spring and winter. This indicates that PM2.5 and PM10 were strongly affected by the near surface air masses in summer and autumn and by high altitude air masses in winter and spring. Results of PSCF and CWT analyses showed that the largest potential source areas were identified in spring, followed by winter and autumn, then summer. In addition, potential source regions of PM10 were similar to those of PM2.5. There were a clear seasonal and spatial variation of the potential source areas of Beijing and the airflow in the horizontal and vertical directions. Therefore, more effective regional emission reduction measures in Beijing''s surrounding provinces should be implemented to reduce emissions of regional sources in different seasons. 相似文献
876.
以鸡粪堆肥和PE混合物为填料的生物过滤系统,在较低温度下进行生物去除H2S废气的性能研究.采用间歇式运行方式,当在较高气速条件下,即EBRT为39s、32s、24s和13s,入口浓度3000mg/m3时,去除率可分别达100%、100%、100%和65%.整个系统的入口负荷为812 g/(m3·h)时,去除负荷为528 g/(m3·h).且在较低的实验温度(9~16.5℃),入口浓度50~3000 mg/m3条件下,当EBRT为39s、32s、24s时,H2S的去除率为100%;当EBRT为13s时,去除率为62%~88%.结果表明,在较低温度下,高气速,高负荷条件下,间歇式生物过滤系统对H2S具有较高的去除性能. 相似文献
877.
Suiran Yu Qingyan Yang Jing Tao Xia Tian Fengfu Yin 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(9-10):1016-1032
Traditional design methods lead to serious environmental problems because of the oversight of life cycle issues such as recycling. For solving these problems, a new modular design method is proposed with the considerations of not only the traditional function related attributes, but also the life cycle related ones. These attributes form what we call Modular Driving Forces (MDFs). The proposed method first determines what MDFs should be included and what their weights should be. Then the component to component relations with each specific MDF are generated and expressed in a matrix. After that, the comprehensive relations between components with different MDFs are established with the introduction of a comprehensive relation matrix for further modular optimization. Each element in the comprehensive matrix denotes the relation of every two components affected by all the MDFs. Finally, Group Genetic Algorithm (GGA) is employed to conduct modular optimization. The modular object adaptive function constructed for GGA optimization is to maximize the interactions between components within modules. The proposed method is explained by a case study of a refrigerator. Sensitivity analysis shows that the proposed method is robust. 相似文献
878.
Various disinfection byproducts(DBPs) form during the process of chlorination disinfection,posing potential threats to drinking water safety and human health. Sulfamethazine(SMT),the most commonly used and frequently detected veterinary antibiotic, was investigated in detail with regard to its transformation and kinetics in reactions with free available chlorine(FAC). Using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, several DBPs were identified based on different confidence levels, and a variety of reaction types, including desulfonation, S–N cleavage, hydroxylation, and chlorine substitution, were proposed. The kinetic experiments indicated that the reaction rate was FAC-and pH-dependent, and SMT exhibits low reactivity toward FAC in alkaline conditions. The DBPs exhibited a much higher acute toxicity than SMT, as estimated by quantitative structure activity relationship models. More importantly, we observed that the FAC-treated SMT reaction solution might increase the genotoxic potential due to the generation of DBPs. This investigation provides substantial new details related to the transformation of SMT in the chlorination disinfection process. 相似文献
879.
Cloning and expression of the first gene for biodegrading microcystin LR by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05
Hai Yan Huasheng Wang Junfeng Wang Chunhua Yin Song M Xiaolu Liu Xueyao Yin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(10):1816-1822
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a growing environmental problem worldwide in natural waters, the biodegradation is found to be the most efficient method for removing microcystins (MCs) produced by harmful cyanobacteria. Based on the isolation of a promising bacterial strain of Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 for biodegrading MCs, we for the first time cloned and expressed a gene USTB-05-A (HM245411) that is responsible for the first step in the biodegradation of microcystin LR (MC-LR) in E. coli DH5αup, with a cloning vector of pGEM-T easy and an expression vector of pGEX-4T-1, respectively. The cell-free extracts (CE) of recombinant E. coli DH5αup containing USTB-05-A had high activity for biodegrading MC-LR. The initial MC-LR concentration of 40 mg/L was completely biodegraded within 1 hr in the presence of CE with a protein concentration of 0.35 mg/mL. Based on an analysis of the liquid chromatogram-mass spectrum (LC-MS), the enzyme encoded by gene USTB-05-A was found to be active in cleaving the target peptide bond between 3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6, 8-trimethyl-10-phenyl-deca-4,6-dienoic acid (Adda) and arginine of MC-LR, and converting cyclic MC-LR to linear MC-LR as a first product that is much less toxic than parent MC-LR, which offered direct evidence for the first step on the pathway of MC-LR biodegradation by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05. 相似文献
880.