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261.
Performance of a narrow buffer strip in abating agricultural pollutants in the shallow subsurface water flux 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The performance of a narrow buffer strip in abating dissolved P, electrical conductivity and herbicides (terbuthylazine, alachlor, nicosulfuron, pendimethalin, linuron) in subsurface water coming from cropland was tested in an experiment carried out on the low plains of the Veneto Region (NE Italy). The experiment lasted from December 1997 to June 1999, monitoring subsurface water quality entering and exiting a buffer composed of a grass strip (5 m wide) and 1 m wide row of trees. Dissolved phosphorus concentrations were reduced by almost 100% passing through the buffer and in most cases exiting water satisfied the limit for avoiding eutrophication. A positive effect was also detected on ECW (reduced by 20%), while pH was not significantly altered. Herbicide concentration abatement varied between 60 and 90%, depending on the chemical and the time elapsed since application. 相似文献
262.
Renzo D'Amelio Claudio Giorlandino MD Liana Masala Massimo Garofalo Monica Martinelli Giuseppe Anelli Lucio Zichella 《黑龙江环境通报》1991,11(2):69-75
The authors compare the diagnostic possibilities of fetal transabdominal echocardiography versus transvaginal echocardiography. A larger diagnostic capacity is verified in different gestation ages with transvaginal probe between the 11th and 14th week of gestation. The results are emphasized by colour Doppler. 相似文献
263.
Paola Carrera Silvano Orsini Gianluigi Terzoli Bruno Brambati Giuseppe Simoni 《黑龙江环境通报》1990,10(3):141-148
A study was done to evaluate the effects of diagnostic ultrasound on sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in first-trimester chorionic villi under controlled technical conditions. Chromosome analysis was performed by the direct method using spontaneous mitoses from the cytotrophoblast layer, and SCE visualization was accomplished by a 72 h treatment with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) at a concentration of 10μg/ml. The slides were stained with ac ridine orange. Immediately before first-trimester chorionic villus sampling, a group of ten pregnant women was exposed to diagnostic ultrasound for 20min (in vivo exposure). This group of patients was compared with a control group who were not exposed. A mean value of SCE/cell frequency of 4·2 ± 0·2 was found in the exposed pregnancies, while a value of 3·7 ± 0·2 was observed in the control group. After in vitro exposure of chorionic villi obtained from elective abortions, the frequency of SCE/cell did not differ significantly among samples with different exposures (1,2, and 3 h) and controls. The positive control (mitomycin C) yielded a significant increase in SCE frequency. 相似文献
264.
Professor Umberto Nicolini Alessandra Kustermann Beatrice Tassis Roberto Fogliani Andrea Galimberti Elena Percivalle Maria Grazia Revello Giuseppe Gerna 《黑龙江环境通报》1994,14(10):903-906
Fifteen fetuses at risk of congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection underwent prenatal diagnosis at 16–30 weeks' gestation by a combination of amniocentesis and fetal blood sampling. HCMV was isolated from the amniotic fluid in six patients, but HCMV-specific IgM was detected in only three of them. Two of the nine neonates, who were delivered following a negative prenatal diagnosis, had congenital HCMV infection diagnosed by virus isolation in the urine. The interval from infection to prenatal testing was 3 and 4 weeks in the two false-negative cases and ⩾ 7 weeks in the true-positive cases. Although timely testing for HCMV infection allows the option of termination of pregnancy, it may be flawed by false-negative results. 相似文献
265.
Herbert Valensise MD PhD Concettina Civitella Giuseppe Gioele Garzetti Carlo Romanini 《黑龙江环境通报》1992,12(9):705-708
Amiodarone treatment in pregnancy might be difficult to handle because of the long half-life of the drug (14–28 days up to 2 months) and because it reduces maternal and neonatal thyroid activity. Although short-term use in pregnancy has been described in cases of fetal supraventricular tachycardia, there are few reports on the chronic use of the drug. In this paper we describe our experience with amiodarone treatment in two pregnant sisters with familial dilatative cardiomyopathy and ventricular malignant extrasystole. Prolonged administration of amiodarone (400–200 mg/die) since the beginning of pregnancy did not have any adverse effects; maternal and neonatal thyroid function was normal, as was the neurological and motor development of the neonates. 相似文献
266.
Elena Gullino Mario Abrate Ezio Zerbino Giuseppe Bricchi Pier Dino Rattazzi 《黑龙江环境通报》1993,13(5):411-416
A prenatal diagnosis of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) has been carried out on a 19-week-old fetus by means of echography. The ultrasonographic characteristics were unnatural position of the four limbs associated with articular anomalies together with absence of active fetal movements. A therapeutic interruption of pregnancy was performed and the diagnosis was confirmed. At autopsy, architectural disorder of the motor neurons of the anterior medullary horn revealed a neuropathic pathogenesis of the arthrogryposis. Moreover, at the lumbar level the spinal cord was progressively replaced by heterotopic bony tissue which caused a more severe deformity of the lower limbs compared with the upper. The aspects of anatomo-pathological, genetic, and differential diagnosis are discussed showing the precocity of the prenatal diagnosis and the peculiarity of the aetiology of our case. 相似文献
267.
268.
Alessandro K. Cerutti Marco Bagliani Gabriele L. BeccaroFabrizio Gioelli Paolo BalsariGiancarlo Bounous 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(4):318-324
Ecological Footprint Analysis (EFA) is an environmental accounting system, in physical unit, able to quantify the total amount of ecosystem resources required by a region or by a production process. This methodology is both scientifically robust and widely diffused for territorial and productive analysis. The application of EFA to agricultural systems are still uncommon and examples in the fruit sector rare.In this work a detailed application of EFA to an experimental trial in a commercial nectarine orchard in Piedmont (Italy) is presented. The field trial is focused on the evaluation of agronomical benefit of various kinds of swine manure for fertilizing orchards. Four productive systems were established from 2008: liquid slurry (LS), covered slurry (CS), solid fraction (SF), mineral nutrition (MN). All the environmental impacts of the four systems were quantified both directly on field and with extrapolations from farmer knowledge. As previous studies suggested, we considered not only the one-year field operations, but also the whole lifetime of the orchard. The environmental costs of each system are presented and related to each other on the basis of their relative footprint value.Results highlight almost the same ecological footprint for the three manure fertilized systems (LS, CS and SF) with average of 0.96 gha t−1) and the highest ecological footprint can be found in the MN system (1.14 gha t−1). Interesting remarks can be done comparing the contributions to the ecological footprint of the field operations related to fertilization in the four systems. In the manure fertilized systems the fertilizer contribution goes from 0.9% to 1.2% of the total ecological footprint; but in the MN system the fertilizer contribution is 6.6% of the total ecological footprint. Results support the hypothesis that internal recycle and connections among different systems increasingly resulted in high system benefit and sustainability. 相似文献
269.
Patrick Gautier Marco Barroca Sophie Bertrand Cyril Eraud Maria Gaillard Michael Hamman Sébastien Motreuil Gabriele Sorci Bruno Faivre 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(7):1159-1166
Several environmental factors have been shown to shape the pattern of investment of carotenoids into the expression of sexual
signals. Surprisingly, the impact of the social environment has been neglected. If a carotenoid-based sexual trait is used
by females to choose a mate or by males to assess the quality of potential competitors for mates, males, in the presence of
females, should upregulate expression of the trait. We tested this hypothesis in male zebra finches that were housed either
with females or in a male-only social environment. Additionally, to investigate whether the social modulation of the expression
of a sexual trait depends on the physiological need of carotenoids, we challenged half of the males with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that the social environment modulated the expression of bill color, with males kept in
the presence of females harboring a redder bill at the end of the 3 weeks that the experiment lasted. Males injected with
LPS showed duller bill color regardless of the presence of females, and social interactions with females result in upregulated
bill color similarly for phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and LPS males. Thus, social environment and immune activation had
an additive effect on the expression of bill color. The effect of social environment on plasma carotenoids was less clear.
Indeed, a first replicate of the entire experiment showed that both immune challenge and social context affected bill color,
with a negative effect of immune challenge and a positive effect of the presence of females on circulating carotenoids. However,
a second replicate of the experiment showed only a negative effect of the immune challenge. These results, therefore, suggest
that the social environment can affect the expression of carotenoid-based sexual traits under both benign and carotenoid-demanding
conditions. Whatever the signaling function of bill color (female mate choice or male–male competition for mates), the observed
flexibility may be adaptive because the expression of the signal can be modulated depending on the expected rewards or costs
associated with the presence or absence of females. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying such an effect are still unknown. 相似文献
270.
Using fatty acid analysis to elucidate the feeding habits of Southern Ocean mesopelagic fish 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fatty acid biomarkers were used to investigate the feeding ecology of 17 mesopelagic fish species occurring in the Southern
Ocean. Fatty acid signatures of species where little or no dietary information exists were compared to fatty acid signatures
of species of known diets in order to elucidate their trophic position. Principal component analysis grouped species of known
diets into two clusters with amphipods and copepods comprising the main prey species, respectively. Although the majority
of species of unknown diet were grouped with either of these feeding guilds, a third cluster comprising only Gymnoscopelus bolini was identified suggesting a significantly different diet for this species. Electrona antarctica also exhibited significant changes in fatty acid signatures with size. Furthermore, discriminant analysis of the four most
abundant species classified species with a 90% success rate thus validating the usefulness of fatty acid signatures when trying
to resolve the trophic position of species where no or little dietary information exists. 相似文献