固相萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用测定水中痕量多环芳烃

采用固相萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用测定水中痕量多环芳烃(PAHs)。通过正交试验,得到最佳固相萃取条件为:上样流速为5mL/min、采用二氯甲烷洗脱、洗脱剂用量为3mL、洗脱流速为2mL/min。测定结果显示,固相萃取与气相色谱—质谱联用技术对萘、菲、荧蒽3种PAHs的检出限为0.03～0.07μg/L,加标回收率为70%～100%,相对标准偏差为3.90%～9.58%。该方法精密度高、准确度好,能满足实际水样中痕量PAHs的测定要求。     

微电解法强化生物脱氮的实验及反应特征分析

通过铁炭微电解法强化SBR工艺脱氮效果的试验研究了解到,在进水中氨氮浓度分别为30、60和100 mg/L时,微电解-SBR工艺对氨氮的去除效果比独立的SBR工艺有明显的优势,去除率可以维持在95%左右.在进水中总氮浓度分别为30和60 mg/L时,微电解-SBR工艺对总氮的去除率比SBR工艺提高了20%～30%,利用DO-微小电极对铁污泥絮体及同样条件下的活性污泥内部物质变化进行测试,结果表明,微电解-SBR工艺所以能强化脱氮效果是微电解物化作用及后续铁污泥系统发生好氧同步硝化反硝化脱氮作用的共同结果.     

Levels and bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in fishes from the Pearl River estuary and Daya Bay, South China

Fifty fish samples were collected from the Pearl River estuary (PRE) and Daya Bay, South China and were analyzed for DDTs, HCHs, chlordanes and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Except the high concentrations of DDT observed in fishes, the concentrations of HCHs, chlordanes and PBDEs were low when compared to other regions. BDE-47 was the predominant PBDE congener and the BDE-209 concentrations were relatively low, despite its high concentration in surface sediments. The absence of significant increase of DDT, HCH, chlordane and PBDE concentrations towards higher delta15N values, as well as the lack of a significant correlation (p<0.1) between log concentrations (lipid normalized) and delta15N, may indicate a weak biomagnification of these chemicals in the food webs. Good agreement was observed between their concentrations and lipid contents of the organisms. Bioconcentration was suggested to be responsible for the accumulation of OCPs and PBDEs in the lower trophic organisms in the studied subtropical waters.     

Fe/TiO2光催化降解水溶液中的4-氯苯酚

以TiO2-P25及FeC2O4为前驱物制备了Fe3 掺杂TiO2光催化剂--Fe/TiO2.X射线衍射结果表明,500 ℃煅烧温度下的Fe/TiO2主要是锐态矿晶型,当掺Fe3 量为0.5%(质量分数,下同)时,Fe3 以取代掺杂形式进入TiO2晶格,而当掺Fe3 量达5.0%时,则出现α-Fe2O3的特征衍射峰;900 ℃煅烧温度下的Fe/TiO2则均为金红石晶型,掺Fe3 量达2.0%～5.0%时,出现Fe2TiO5的特征衍射峰.4-氯苯酚的光催化实验结果表明,煅烧温度及Fe3 掺杂量对Fe/TiO2的光催化活性有显著影响,以煅烧温度500 ℃及掺Fe3 量0.5%的Fe/TiO2为光催化剂,反应80 min,4-氯苯酚的降解率达100%,总有机碳去除率约95%.     

Determination of selected antibiotics in the Victoria Harbour and the Pearl River, South China using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Nine selected antibiotics in the Victoria Harbour of Hong Kong and the Pearl River at Guangzhou, South China, were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that the concentrations of antibiotics were mainly below the limit of quantification (LOQ) in the marine water of Victoria Harbour. However, except for amoxicillin, all of the antibiotics were detected in the Pearl River during high and low water seasons with the median concentrations ranging from 11 to 67 ng/L, and from 66 to 460 ng/L, respectively; and the concentrations in early spring were about 2-15 times higher than that in summer with clearer diurnal variations. It was suggested that the concentrations of antibiotics in the high water season were more affected by wastewater production cycles due to quick refreshing rate, while those in the low water season may be more sensitive to the water column dynamics controlled by tidal processes in the river.     

区域大气环境模拟系统RegAEMS的研究进展

区域大气环境模拟系统RegAEMS是我国自主发展的空气质量模式之一,包含中尺度气象模式MM5/WRF/TAPM和大气环境模式AEM,并能与区域气候模式RegCM耦合,可以用于酸沉降、光化学烟雾、细颗粒物、重金属元素等大气污染的形成机理、模拟预测、管控对策、环境影响和气候效应研究.本文主要介绍RegAEMS的发展历程、框架结构和主要性能,重点介绍近期的模式改进和模拟验证情况.研究表明,改进的RegAEMS在硫酸盐、二次有机气溶胶、臭氧和氮沉降方面具有较强的模拟能力,可以用于区域大气复合污染模拟预测和管理控制的基础研究及业务应用.     

絮凝—电气浮法处理屠宰废水的研究

本文叙述了采用聚硫酸铁絮凝预处理和电气浮法处理屠宰废水的研究。探讨了絮凝剂加入量,PH值,搅拌时间,搅拌强度;沉降时间对絮凝效果的影响;探讨了气浮电压,气浮时间,电流密度,絮凝剂加入量对电气浮效果的影响;试验结果表明,COD去除率可达90%以上。经本法处理后之屠宰废水达到了四川省污染物排放标准中一类水域甲级的水平。     

高速公路紧急救援决策支持系统的设计

以高速公路紧急救援管理现状为基础,阐述高速公路路网紧急救援决策支持系统的新需求;应用面向过程的方法,设计满足新需求的系统的总体结构、服务功能、数据流图和软件开发支撑环境;将智能交通系统中视频检测、优化调度、智能控制、GPS定位与导航等新技术与系统服务功能相结合,探讨了应用紧急事件检测、交通事故确认、紧急救援调度与交通管制、行程时间预测和最佳救援路径计算等相关的实施方案。应用Web-GIS和B/S网络结构技术研发应用软件,实现了区域路网各个紧急救援职能部门的信息共享和交通紧急救援决策支持的区域性管理。     

A dynamic two-dimensional system for measuring volatile organic compound volatilization and movement in soils

There is an important need to develop instrumentation that allows better understanding of atmospheric emission of toxic volatile compounds associated with soil management. For this purpose, chemical movement and distribution in the soil profile should be simultaneously monitored with its volatilization. A two-dimensional rectangular soil column was constructed and a dynamic sequential volatilization flux chamber was attached to the top of the column. The flux chamber was connected through a manifold valve to a gas chromatograph (GC) for real-time concentration measurement. Gas distribution in the soil profile was sampled with gas-tight syringes at selected times and analyzed with a GC. A pressure transducer was connected to a scanivalve to automatically measure the pressure distribution in the gas phase of the soil profile. The system application was demonstrated by packing the column with a sandy loam in a symmetrical bed-furrow system. A 5-h furrow irrigation was started 24 h after the injection of a soil fumigant, propargyl bromide (3-bromo-1-propyne; 3BP). The experience showed the importance of measuring lateral volatilization variability, pressure distribution in the gas phase, chemical distribution between the different phases (liquid, gas, and sorbed), and the effect of irrigation on the volatilization. Gas movement, volatilization, water infiltration, and distribution of degradation product (Br-) were symmetric around the bed within 10%. The system saves labor cost and time. This versatile system can be modified and used to compare management practices, estimate concentration-time indexes for pest control, study chemical movement, degradation, and emissions, and test mathematical models.