环状扩散管-分级采样器的建立和细粒子酸性的测定

建立了国内第一台扩散管－分级采样器，用来研究大气气胶溶胶的组成和细粒子的酸性，实验证明该采样系统能够有效地避免大气中的碱性物质对颗粒物采样的干扰。在北京，湖南等地进行了现场实验，测定了气溶胶的酸性。     

物化—生化组合工艺在鱼油工业废水处理中的应用

针对鱼油工业废水排放特点及处理技术难点，结合实例，采用混凝、破乳进行物化预处理；采用A／O生化处理技术，提出合适的工艺流程。     

城市可持续性:欧洲城市改造的经验与启示

全球化和城市化使得世界城市发展面临着严重的生态环境问题与挑战,城市可持续性是解决这些问题的根本出路.本文利用欧洲城市改造的案例对城市可持续性进行了分析和研究,通过城市可持续性的原则、特点和影响因素分析,重点讨论了欧洲地方环境行动计划,以及项目特点、预算来源、战略目标、管理形式和行动计划与方案,指出切实可行的行动计划、普遍的公众参与、充足的资金来源、相关利益人的协作体、信息技术应用是城市可持续性和竞争力提升的根本保证.     

Catalysts for decomposing ozone tail gas

The preparation of immobilizing-catalysts for decomposing ozone by using dipping method was studied. XRD, XPS and TEM were used to characterize the catalysts. The three kinds of catalysts were selected preferentially, and their catalytic activities were investigated. The results showed that the catalyst with activated carbon dipping acetate( active components are Mn:Cu = 3:2, active component proportion in catalyst is 15%, calcination temperature is 200℃ ) has the best catalytic activity for ozone decomposing. One gram of catalyst can decompose 17.6g ozone at initial ozone concentration of 2.5g/m^3 and the residence time in reactor of 0.1s. The experimental results also indicated that humidity of reaction system had negative effect on catalytic activity.     

毛细管柱气相色谱质谱法分析优先监测物的质量控制研究——Ⅰ.半挥发性有机物

报道了毛细管柱气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)方法分析半挥发性有机物的质量控制研究结果.对分析的全过程提出了质量控制标准.应用同位素标记内标物(IS),替代掺样物(SS)和基质掺样/重复基质掺样(MS/MSD)的回收率来判断样品处理与分析结果的可靠性.根据77种目标化合物,特别是标定检验化合物(CCC)和系统检验化合物(SPCC)的响应系数范围,确定GC-MS系统的工作状态和最终结果的正确性.给出了满足质量控制标准的12个土壤样品的结果.     

小型污水处理工艺及其应用展望

小型沁水处理设施作为投资省见效快的方法对我国今后污水厂建设具有重要指导意义，需要给予更多的关注，文中探讨了小型污水处理工艺的类型及其应用，并对我国小型污水处理厂的建设谈了几点看法。     

对硝基氯苯废气治理研究

冷却凝固法处理含对硝基氯苯废气 ,用水作冷却剂直接冷却、冷凝、凝固、凝华废气中对硝基氯苯蒸气 ,废气中的升华物、粉尘和水蒸汽同时被分离 ,处理后的废气达到很高的净化程度。在此根据实验结果 ,得到在水蒸汽存在时对硝基氯苯蒸气分压和温度之间的关系     

呋喃丹在模拟水稻-鱼和水稻-萍-鱼生态系统中行为归趋的比较研究

用~(14)C标记法研究呋喃丹在水稻-鱼和水稻-萍-鱼两种模拟生态系统中的分布、消失和残留行为。结果表明,由于萍的引入,使在水稻-萍-鱼系统中,田表水中的残留较低,而鱼体中残留较高。结合态残留物是土壤、鱼和植株体中呋喃丹的主要残留形态。     

Effect of sorbed and desorbed Zn(Ⅱ) on the growth of a green alga (Chlorella pyrenoidosa)

Toxic effect of Zn(Ⅱ)on a green alga(ChloreUa pyrenoidosa)in the presence of sepiolite and kaolinite was investigated.The Zn-free clays were found to have a negative impact on the growth of C.pyrenoidosa in comparison with control samples(without adding any clay or Zn(Ⅱ)).When Zn(Ⅱ)was added,the algae in the presence of clays could be better survived than the control samples,which was actually caused by a decrease in Zn(Ⅱ)concentration in the solution owing to the adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ)on the clays.When the solution system was diluted,the growth of algae could be further inhibited as compared to that in a system which had the same initial Zn(Ⅱ)concentration as in the diluted system.This in fact resulted from desorption of Zn(Ⅱ)from the zinc-contaminated clays,although the effect varied according to the different desorption capabilities of sepiolite and kaolinite.Therefore the adsorption and desorption processes of Zn(Ⅱ)played an important part in its toxicity,and adsorption and desorption of pollutants on soils/sediments should be well considered in natural eco-environmental systems before their risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms was assessed objectively.     

甲烷高温自燃诱导过程实验与数值模拟研究

甲烷的转化在化工产业中具有举足轻重的地位与战略意义,近年来涌现的氧化偶联制烯烃等多种新型化工工艺涉及高温条件的甲烷-纯氧等体系的混合与反应过程,明确甲烷高温自燃诱导与爆炸规律是实现工艺安全设计与运行的前提,然而相关研究与基础数据仍较为欠缺。通过利用基于快速压缩装置的高温高压燃爆测试系统开展甲烷-纯氧等典型混合体系的自燃诱导过程研究,同时基于GRI-Mech 3.0机理的数值模拟方法进行了数值模拟研究。实验结果与数值模拟结果吻合较好,随着温度/压力的增加及氧气含量的下降,混合体系自燃诱导时间均缩短;燃料气中加入乙烷或氢气则会大幅缩短自燃诱导过程。对于多个工艺过程中涉及的低氧含量体系率先开展了研究,得到了不同当量比及温度条件下的典型体系自燃诱导时间,同时考察了惰性气的加入对于自燃诱导过程的延长作用。研究结果有助于深入理解甲烷自燃诱导机理,同时指导高温条件的甲烷转化工艺的本质安全化设计与爆炸防控。