Zur Biotransformation des 1-Äthinylcyclohexylallophanats-(1)

The Science of Nature -     

煤矿含悬浮物矿井水净化处理技术探讨

论述了含悬浮物矿井水净化处理利用的必要性，矿井水水质，水量和处理要求，现有的处理工艺，混凝剂及混合方式，主要处理构筑物和消毒方式等。指出了在确定处理规模，处理工艺，设计参数，药剂选择和投加过程中存在的问题，并给出了解决上述问题的方法。     

Simulating dairy liquid waste management options as a nitrogen source for crops

Large scale dairy operations are common. In many cases the manure is deposited on a paved surface and then removed with a flushing system, after which the solids are separated, the liquid stored in ponds, and eventually the liquid applied on adjacent crop land. Management of liquid manure to maximize the fertilizer value and minimize water quality degradation requires knowledge of the interactive effects of mineralization of organic N (ON) to NH₄⁺, crop uptake of mineral N, and leaching of NO₃⁻ on a temporal basis. The purpose of the research was to use the ENVIRO-GRO model to simulate how the amount of applied N, timing of N application, ON mineralization rates, chemical form of N applied, and irrigation uniformity affected (1) yields of corn (Zea mays) in summer and a forage grass in winter in a Mediterranean climate and (2) the amount of NO₃⁻ leached below the root zone. This management practice is typical for dairies in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The simulations were conducted for a 10-year period. Steady state conditions, whereby an equivalent amount of N applied in the organic form will be mineralized in a given year, are achieved more rapidly for materials with high mineralization rates. Both timing and total quantity of N application are important in affecting crop yield and potential N leaching. Major conclusions from the simulations are as follows. Frequent low applications are preferred to less frequent higher applications. Increasing the amount of N application increased both the crop yield and the amount of NO₃⁻ leached. Increasing irrigation uniformity increased crop yields but had variable effects on the amount of NO₃⁻ leached. A winter forage crop following a summer corn crop effectively reduced the leaching of residual soil N following the corn crop.     

可持续发展与草原生态环境保护——以内蒙古草原区为例

草原具有自然和社会两方面的功能，在实现这些功能的过程中，应该遵循可持续性发展原则来维持健康的草原。草原的自然功能是社会功能的基础和保障，草原的社会功能是自然功能的延伸和发展，社会功能的发挥是建立在自然功能实现基础之上的。内蒙古地区在发展过程中要以科学发展观为指导，把建设社会主义新牧区的任务与草原发展的丰富内涵结合起来，加强草原生态环境保护，建设环境友好型和资源节约型社会。     

经济全球化背景下中国环境问题及应对策略

文章从经济全球化的定义出发,论述了全球化使中国环境问题变成了世界的环境问题,因为中国的环境问题是由世界造成的,同时中国的环境问题也影响到世界.要从根本上解决中国环境问题,必须树立科学发展观,促进创新型国家的建设,重视对外贸易中的环境问题,严防国外环境污染向国内转移.     

太湖水污染近期变动趋势及对策建议

太湖水污染是公众普遍关心的环境问题之一。根据近3年调查资料,对太湖水污染治理措施(工业污染源达标排放、城市污水处理厂的建设、畜禽和水产养殖污水的治理、河道清淤和引水工程、农业面源治理及禁用含磷洗涤剂等)、水质变动趋势及影响太湖水质变化的原因进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策建议,以期为太湖水污染的进一步治理提供科学依据。     

含纤维素废水生物水解的应用研究

提取植物或动物纤维所产生的高浓有机废水，含短小纤维、木质素、纤维素、半纤维素、蜡质、果胶及其分解产物(糖、脂肪酸、醇等)，较难生物处理，属含纤维素废水。试验研究和生产应用表明，生物水解对含纤维素废水中高分子有机物，可予分解并提高度水可生化性：在常温、PH约9．5时，水解池污泥浓度达6．5～16．0g/L，容积负荷达2．9kgCOD／m^3．d，COD去除率为24—36％，VFA提高3．9—5．1倍，BOD／COD提高12～16％。分析认为：中温、酸性，纤维素、木素含量低时，水解效果应更好。     

燃煤氮氧化物排放控制技术研究进展及相关思考

简述了燃煤氮氧化物的产生、迁移、转化规律及其对环境造成的危害，综述了燃煤氮氧化物排放控制技术研究进展和存在的问题，提出了可供参考的相关建议及解决的方案途径。