安太堡露天矿南排土场滑体植被治理技术

论述了安太堡矿南排土场滑体整治模式,通过植被减少滑体侵蚀及水土流失,改善了滑体的生态景观,对滑体安全起到了良好作用。     

“十一五”期间松花江肇源江段高锰酸盐指数分析研究

高锰酸盐指数是反应水域污染状况的一个重要指标,本文对"十一五"期间肇源境内的干流三个断面和支流两个断面的高锰酸盐指数监测数据进行研究分析,结果显示:"十一五"期间,松花江肇源境内高锰酸盐指数浓度呈现出显著的下降趋势;各水期肇源境内松花江干流的两大支流拉林河和嫩江主要污染因子高锰酸盐指数浓度也呈下降趋势;2010年肇源境内松花江干流高锰酸盐指数浓度出境段面高于入境断面,支流河口浓度低于松花江干流肇源江段。     

Spectral characteristics of plant communities from salt marshes:A case study from Chongming Dongtan,Yangtzeestuary,China

The spectral reflectance of recently formed salt marshes at the mouth of the Yangtze River, which are undergoing invasion by Spartina alterniflora, were assessed to determine the potential utility of remotely sensed data in assessing future invasion and changes in species composition. Following a review of published research on remote sensing of salt marshes, 53 locations along three transects were sampled for paired data on plant species composition and spectral reflectance using a FieldSpec™ Pro JR Field Portable Spectroradiometer. Spectral data were processed concerning reflectance, and the averaged reflectance values for each sample were reanalysed to correspond to a 12-waveband bandset of the Compact Airborne Spectral Imager. The spectral data were summarised using principal components analysis (PCA) and the relationships between the vegetation composition, and the PCA axes of spectral data were examined. The first PCA axis of the reflectance data showed a strong correlation with variability in near infrared reflectance and ‘brightness’, while the second axis was correlated with visible reflectance and ‘greenness’. Total vegetation cover, vegetation height, and mudflat cover were all significantly related to the first axis. The implications of this in terms of the ability of remote sensing to distinguish the various salt marsh species and in particular the invasive species S. alterniflora were discussed. Major differences in species with various physiognomies could be recognised but problems occurred in separating early colonising S. alterniflora from other species at that stage. Further work using multi-seasonal hyperspectral data might assist in solving these problems.     

Co-fermentation of waste activated sludge with food waste for short-chain fatty acids production: effect of pH at ambient temperature

Effect of pH ranging from 4.0 to 11.0 on cofermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS) with food waste for short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production at ambient temperature was investigated in this study. Experimental results showed that the addition of food waste significantly improved the performance of WAS fermentation system, which resulted in the increases of SCFAs production and substrate reduction. The SCFAs production at pH 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0 and fermentation time of 4 d was respectively 5022.7, 6540.5, 8236.6, and 7911.7 mg COD·L⁻¹, whereas in the blank tests (no pH adjustment, pH 8.0 (blank test 1), no food waste addition, pH 8.0 (blank test 2), and no WAS addition (blank test 3)) it was only 1006.9, 971.1, and 1468.5 mg COD·L⁻¹, respectively. The composition of SCFAs at pH from 6.0 to 9.0 was also different from other conditions and propionic acid was the most prevalent SCFA, which was followed by acetic and n-butyric acids, while acetic acid was the top product under other conditions. At pH 8.0 a higher volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction of 16.6% for the mixture of WAS and food waste than the sole WAS indicated a synergistic effect existing in fermentation system with WAS and food waste. The influence of pH on the variations of nutrient content was also studied during anaerobic fermentation of the mixture of WAS and food waste at different pH conditions. The release of NH₄⁺-N increased with fermentation time at all pH values investigated except 4.0, 5.0 and in blank test one. The concentrations of soluble phosphorus at acidic pHs and in the blank test one were higher than those obtained at alkaline pHs. Ammonia and phosphorus need to be removed before the SCFAs-enriched fermentation liquid from WAS and food waste was used as the carbon source.     

松花江流域pH值异常变化的监测分析

通过对松花江干流及其主要支流进行调查.选择了17个监测断面的水温、pH值、总碱度、矿化度、溶解氧、藻类、叶绿素a、高锰酸盐指数、总磷和总氮等10个水质参数进行分析,得出含碱水体的进入、藻类活动和水利工程等影响了流域pH值.     

Analysis of microcystins in cyanobacteria blooms and surface water samples from Meiliang Bay,Taihu Lake,China

Taihu Lake is the third largest freshwater lake in China. In recent years, the water pollution of cyanobacteria blooms has become a severe problem in this area. Microcystins (MCs) are an important group of toxic compounds mainly produced by some cyanobacteria species and have both acute and chronic hepatotoxic effects on animals and humans. This paper presents the first data on the identification and detection of MCs in both natural occurring cyanobacteria blooms and surface water samples (0-0.5 m), collected from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China. A conventional method for extraction and isolation of MCs from cyanobacteria blooms was applied. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the main toxic component in the cyanobacteria materials was MC-LR. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) against MC-LR produced by hybridoma technique was employed for direct competitive ELISA to detect the concentrations of MCs in bloom and water samples collected in 2001. The results not only revealed the presence of MCs but also temporal variations of MCs levels of three sampling stations in Meiliang Bay in 1 year. It is obvious that the MC contents were relatively higher during warm months and related with the status of eutrophication. Our study indicates the threat associated with MCs in water body of Taihu Lake. To prevent the MCs potential hazard on public health in this area, some necessary measures of monitoring and control of growth of cyanobacteria are urgently needed.     

面向可持续发展的技术创新:从技术预见到战略选择

本文研究了技术预见、关键技术选择和技术创新之间的关系,从方法学、科学技术观的角度分析了技术预见、关键技术选择在技术创新战略中的地位和作用,提出技术预见和关键技术选择是制订和实施技术创新战略的重要手段和基础,应当成为国家创新体系的重要组成部分。建立面向可持续发展的技术创新体系,对落实全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观,实现社会和谐发展具有战略意义。本文分析了传统的技术创新与可持续发展的差异,提出适应当今经济社会发展方向的技术创新应追求经济、社会和环境效益的统一。本文还探讨了在我国开展技术预见和关键技术选择的方法和应遵循的原则,提出应从战略视角把握关键技术选择,进一步指出在技术预见的基础上促进面向可持续发展的技术创新体系建设对实现我国可持续发展战略目标具有重大意义。     

Diurnal concentrations variations,size distributions for ambient air particles and metallic pollutants (Cr,Mn, Ni,Cd, Pb) during summer season at a traffic area

This study characterized and discussed particulate ambient air particulate concentrations and seasonal variations for PM₁₈, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and PM₁ during June 2013–July 2013 at this traffic sampling site. In addition, this study also characterized the ambient air particulates size distributions by using MOUDI-100S4 sampler to collect 1-day the ambient suspended particles (PM₁₈, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and PM₁) at this sampling site. In addition, the study also showed that the main pollutants contributions were from traffic and residual areas. As for the pollutants seasonal concentrations variations, the results indicated that the average particle concentrations orders were all displayed as daytime?>?nighttime for PM₁₈, PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and PM₁ at this characteristic sampling site. The results further indicated that the mean highest of metal concentrations in this study indicated that the average metal concentration were all displayed as Mn?>?Cr?>?Ni?>?Pb?>?Cd for PM₁₈, PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and PM₁ on daytime and nighttime at this characteristic sampling site.     

碱片—离子色谱法测定大气中硫酸盐化速率方法探讨

实验证实碱片－离子色谱测定大气中硫酸盐化速率方法操作简便快速，准确可靠，最低检出浓度可达０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ，可替代碱片－重量法测定。