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251.
Hai Zhao Dexiang Zhang Fangfang Wang Tingting Wu Jinsheng Gao 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2008,86(6):448-454
Fe–Mn oxide and Ce-doped Fe–Mn oxide sorbents were studied on the structural and desulfurization behavior in COS removal from syngas. The effects of cerium oxide on the Fe–Mn oxides have been investigated by XRD, BET, TPR, XPS and TEM methods. Analysis data show that the Ce-doped sorbent has larger specific surface area and better particles’ dispersion compared with non-modified Fe–Mn sorbent. The addition of Ce improves the reduction performance of Fe–Mn species. The desulfurization experiments show that the desulfurization activity of sorbent can be increased because of the promotion of the structural and redox properties by ceria doped. The Ce-doped sorbent can reduce COS from 15,000 ppmv to less than 0.1 ppmv at 325 °C and a space velocity of 1000 h−1. 相似文献
252.
Information on food waste disposal and on recycling methods and recycled amounts is reported. Data were obtained from a mail and phone survey of all licensed food establishments in Hawaii conducted in 2004 and 2005. Of 8253 licensed food establishments, 5033 completed surveys. It was found that relationships exist between food establishment size (measured by the number of meals served per day or the number of employees) and the amount of food an establishment recycled; establishment type and recycling behavior; and establishment type and amount recycled. The amount of food waste recycled in the state of Hawaii was estimated to be 264,000 L/day and annual food waste generation was estimated to be 336,000 tonnes. 相似文献
253.
羧甲基-β-环糊精对土壤中萘的洗脱去除作用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究了不同浓度的羧甲基-β-环糊精溶液对不同组分土壤中萘的洗脱去除作用,同非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的洗脱去除作用比较,讨论了其对洗脱效果的影响因素.结果表明:羧甲基-β-环糊精溶液对土壤中的萘有较好的洗脱去除效果,20g·1-1的羧甲基-β-环糊精溶液的洗脱率可达90%以上;洗脱液浓度和土壤质地是影响洗脱去除率的主要因素;适当地增加洗脱液浓度对洗脱去除率有显著提高;与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚相比,以羧甲基-β-环糊精溶液作为增溶试剂,对土壤中的弱极性有机污染物进行洗脱处理具有更好的效果 相似文献
254.
255.
Fengsheng Zhao Xiaoqing Li Changsong Gai Wenhua Gao 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,170(1-4):65-72
In this paper, we will present a simple algorithm to estimate the temporal and spatial distribution of dust mass concentration by combining PM10 and conventional meteorological observations. The efficiency of the algorithm has been demonstrated by applying it to analyze the dust source, transport, and dissipation of the dust storm which occurred in the west region of Pa-tan-chi-lin Desert at 0200 BST 27 March, 2004. 相似文献
256.
Sónia R. Q. Serra Ana Raquel Calapez Amaia Pérez-Bilbao Maria João Feio 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2015,187(1):1-13
Bioassessment tools should distinguish between the effects of anthropogenic degradation in communities and natural temporal changes. The present study tests the influence of natural seasonal variability on macroinvertebrate stream communities assessed by a predictive model (PORTRIV) and a multimetric index (IPtI) calibrated for spring. The scores of PORTRIV decreased significantly between spring and autumn, and between spring and winter (ca. 37 to 53 %, respectively), while those of IPtI did not change significantly between seasons. For non-reference samples, the results of the predictive model also indicate no significant differences. A correction factor (CF) was calculated to adjust the existing differences in the model assessments between seasons, based on the percentage of variation of reference site scores from spring to autumn and winter. After the application of the CF to the OE50 scores of spring reference samples, the differences were no longer significant. Independent reference validation sites confirmed this tendency. This method has the advantage of avoiding large efforts required for the construction of databases from other seasons and the development of new models to allow the assessment of streams in seasons other than spring. Further tests with models developed in regions with more marked seasonal changes should be done to confirm its wider applicability. 相似文献
257.
An enzyme-limited immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to monitor spatial and temporal variation of microcystins (MCs) in Lake Taihu. MC concentrations were higher in summer and autumn than in other seasons. Maximal MC concentration was 15.6 mug L(-1). Compared to central Lake Taihu and Wuli Bay, Meiliang Bay had higher MC concentrations due to high biomass of Microcystis. 相似文献
258.
Landscape ecological security assessment based on projection pursuit in Pearl River Delta 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Gao Y Wu Z Lou Q Huang H Cheng J Chen Z 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(4):2307-2319
Regional landscape ecological security is an important issue for ecological security, and has a great influence on national
security and social sustainable development. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) in southern China has experienced rapid economic
development and intensive human activities in recent years. This study, based on landscape analysis, provides a method to
discover the alteration of character among different landscape types and to understand the landscape ecological security status.
Based on remotely sensed products of the Landsat 5 TM images in 1990 and the Landsat 7 ETM+ images in 2005, landscape classification
maps of nine cities in the PRD were compiled by implementing Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System technology.
Several indices, including aggregation, crush index, landscape shape index, Shannon’s diversity index, landscape fragile index,
and landscape security adjacent index, were applied to analyze spatial–temporal characteristics of landscape patterns in the
PRD. A landscape ecological security index based on these outcomes was calculated by projection pursuit using genetic algorithm.
The landscape ecological security of nine cities in the PRD was thus evaluated. The main results of this research are listed
as follows: (1) from 1990 to 2005, the aggregation index, crush index, landscape shape index, and Shannon’s diversity index
of nine cities changed little in the PRD, while the landscape fragile index and landscape security adjacent index changed
obviously. The landscape fragile index of nine cities showed a decreasing trend; however, the landscape security adjacent
index has been increasing; (2) from 1990 to 2005, landscape ecology of the cities of Zhuhai and Huizhou maintained a good
security situation. However, there was a relatively low value of ecological security in the cities of Dongguan and Foshan.
Except for Foshan and Guangzhou, whose landscape ecological security situation were slightly improved, the cities had reduced
values in landscape ecological security, with the most decreased number 0.52 in Zhaoqing. Results of this study offer important
information for regional eco-construction and natural resource exploitation. 相似文献
259.
Spatial and seasonal distribution of nitrogen in marsh soils of a typical floodplain wetland in Northeast China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Bai J Wang Q Deng W Gao H Tao W Xiao R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(3):1253-1263
Horizontal and profile distributions of nitrogen in marsh soils in different seasons were studied in a typical site within
the Erbaifangzi wetland in Northeast China. Results showed that there was higher spatial heterogeneity for nitrate nitrogen
(NO3--_{3}^{-}-N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+_{4}^{+}–N), as well as available nitrogen (AN), in surface soils in July compared to that in September. Relative to July, the mean
nitrogen contents in surface soils were slightly higher in September; however, in November, soils contained significantly
lower NO3--_{3}^{-}-N and NH4+_{4}^{+}–N, higher AN, organic nitrogen (Org-N), and total nitrogen (TN). Except for mineral nitrogen, no significant differences
were observed between Org-N and TN contents in September and November. Nitrogen contents generally declined exponentially
with depth along soil profiles in three sampling dates (July, September, and November), except for a significant accumulation
peak of NO3--_{3}^{-}-N at the 20–30 cm depth in September. However, NH4+_{4}^{+}–N contents showed a vertical alternation of “increasing and decreasing” in both July and September, while nearly kept constant
with depth in November. The depth ranking of nitrogen showed the shallowest distribution for AN, followed by Org-N and TN,
while deeper distributions for NO3--_{3}^{-}-N and NH4+_{4}^{+}–N. TN, Org-N, and AN were significantly correlated with soil organic matter and total phosphorus. Soil pH values were significantly
correlated with TN and AN contents in surface soils. Clay contents showed significant correlations with nitrogen contents
except for NO3--_{3}^{-}-N in surface soils and NH4+_{4}^{+}–N in profile soils. However, soil moisture was not significantly correlated with nitrogen contents among all soil samples. 相似文献
260.
Xiyong Hou Mingjie Li Meng Gao Liangju Yu Xiaoli Bi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(1):267-277
Annual normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration are the most important large-scale indicators of terrestrial and oceanic ecosystem net primary productivity. In this paper, the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor level 3 standard mapped image annual products from 1998 to 2009 are used to study the spatial–temporal characters of terrestrial NDVI and oceanic Chl-a concentration on two sides of the coastline of China by using the methods of mean value (M), coefficient of variation (CV), the slope of unary linear regression model (Slope), and the Hurst index (H). In detail, we researched and analyzed the spatial–temporal dynamics, the longitudinal zonality and latitudinal zonality, the direction, intensity, and persistency of historical changes. The results showed that: (1) spatial patterns of M and CV between NDVI and Chl-a concentration from 1998 to 2009 were very different. The dynamic variation of terrestrial NDVI was much mild, while the variation of oceanic Chl-a concentration was relatively much larger; (2) distinct longitudinal zonality was found for Chl-a concentration and NDVI due to their hypersensitivity to the distance to shoreline, and strong latitudinal zonality existed for Chl-a concentration while terrestrial NDVI had a very weak latitudinal zonality; (3) overall, the NDVI showed a slight decreasing trend while the Chl-a concentration showed a significant increasing trend in the past 12 years, and both of them exhibit strong self-similarity and long-range dependence which indicates opposite future trends between land and ocean. 相似文献