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931.
Temporal-spatial variability and fractal characteristics of soil nitrogen and phosphorus in Xinji District, Hebei Province, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rutai Gao Shuqing Liu Yigong Zhang Huizhuo Li Yuanfang Huang Xunfeng Xia Tiantian Jiang Hui Zhang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,174(1-4):229-240
Traditional statistics, geostatistics, fractal dimensions, and geographic information systems (GIS) were employed to study the temporal?Cspatial variability of soil total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) levels in Xinji District, Hebei Province area of the North China Plain from 1980 to 2007. The results indicate that nutrient levels follow normal or lognormal distributions. The TN content was 0.59 ±0.155 g kg???1 in 2007, an increase of 0.44 g kg???1 compared with that of 1980. In 2007, the TP content was 1.21 ±0.227 g kg???1, an increase of 0.01 g kg???1 from 1980. The geostatistical analysis showed that the distribution of these soil nutrients in the study area exhibits a trend and anisotropy. The range and [C 0/(C 0?+?C)] of TN and TP in 1980 were all less than in 2007. The ordinary kriging interpolation method was used to analyze the nutrient contents differences between 1980 and 2007. The results indicate that soil TN levels have increased over the 27-year period, and the area where the TN level had increased by at least 0.4 g kg???1 was about 61.7% of the district. The area where the TP content increased covered about 58.4% of the district. The variance analysis indicated that land-use type had a clear influence on the distribution and change in TN and TP content. Using the 3-D box-counting dimension method combined with GIS, the fractal dimension of soil nutrient spatial distribution over the two periods showed that in 27 years, the fractal dimension of TN increased from 1.95 to 2.02, and the fractal dimension of TP increased from 1.89 to 2.01, indicating that the complexity of the spatial distribution of all nutrient contents had increased. This study can provide a basis for accurate fertilizing and to enhance the conversion of soil characteristics under different spatial scales. 相似文献
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933.
使用简单丙三醇-水混合溶剂热法制备碱式碳酸锌微纳米球前驱物,经退火得到ZnO微纳米球,通过液相沉淀法把AgBr纳米颗粒固定在ZnO微纳米球表面,在AgBr 和ZnO之间形成异质结有效地增强了 AgBr/ZnO复合物的光催化活性。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)与紫外可见分光光度计对样品物相、形貌、元素组成及光学性质进行表征。在可见光条件下,研究ZnO及不同AgBr量的ZnO/AgBr复合材料的光催化活性,结果表明:循环修饰5次AgBr的ZnO微纳米球(AgBr颗粒负载质量分数为5%,5%-AZ)样品对罗丹明B的光催化降解性能最好;该复合材料的光催化可重复性使用结果显示循环使用次数的增加,其光催化性能有下降的趋势。通过分析可知在光照条件下 AgBr的分解引起异质结构变化。 相似文献
934.
Yifan Wang Xiuhua Zhu Yuan Gao Hao Bai Pengyuan Wang Jiping Chen Heping Yuan Longxing Wang Xiaoxiao Li Wei Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(6):287-295
The concentration of short-chain polychlorinated paraffins(SCCPs) in the urban air of Dalian,China was monitored from September 2016 to August 2017 with a self-developed passive sampler(PAS1) and an active high-volume sampler, simultaneously. PAS1 successfully collected the entire target SCCPs in the ambient air. Air SCCPs sampled by PAS1 were found be in the linear uptake stage during 181 days of sampling. Passive and active samples showed comparable congener profiles, and the dominant contributors of SCCPs in the two kinds of samples were similar. A significant linear correlation was observed between the total concentration of SCCPs sampled by PAS1 and active sampler in the four seasons. The passive sampling rates of the PAS1 for the gas and particulate phases of SCCPs were measured. The quantitative structure–property relationship of the sampling rate of PAS1(Rair) for gas-phase SCCPs was studied. From the molecular point of view, Rairwas mainly affected by the molecular weight and sub-cooled liquid vapor pressure of SCCPs. In general, SCCPs in the urban air of Dalian mainly existed in gas phase,lower molecular weight SCCPs primarily occurred in the gas phase, whereas higher molecular weight SCCPs were predominately adsorbed or absorbed on airborne particles. The air concentration of SCCPs in the four seasons were different, the correlation of the concentration of SCCPs in the air with the meteorology parameters was conducted. The exposure risk by intake air SCCPs of the residents around the sampling sites was evaluated according to the European risk assessment standards. 相似文献
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938.
以浮游藻类制成的生物吸附剂为对象,研究了不同液相起始pH、吸附剂用量Cm和不同吸附时间t等因素对生物吸附剂吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响,并进行了热力学分析和对吸附前后藻类吸附剂进行了FTIR分析。结果表明,最佳吸附条件为:在起始pH=1.0,吸附剂用量Cm=6.0 g/L,吸附时间t=180 min,吸附温度T=30℃时吸附效率达到了92.10%;藻类吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附能很好地符合Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型,在实验的温度范围内,ΔG0均为负值,说明实验条件下藻类吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附反应能够自发进行;红外图谱显示在1 261~1 537 cm-1和1 034~1 053 cm-1区域峰发生了明显变化,说明其为细胞上的多糖、蛋白质等成分更多地参与了对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程。由此可见,利用中水里生长的藻类制成生物吸附剂,吸附Cr(Ⅵ)具有可行性,吸附速率较高,吸附平衡时间较快。 相似文献
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940.
在全球变化背景下,青藏高原降水格局发生改变,并影响高寒草地温室气体排放.为了更好地认识降水变化与高寒草地温室气体排放的关系,在2015年7月24日,通过人工降水6.7 mm,研究了单次降水对高寒草地温室气体昼夜变化的影响.表明:(1)单次降水没有改变土壤温度,但显著增加了土壤湿度;(2)单次降水后24小时内,高寒草地CH4吸收量降低了2.46倍,CO2和N2 O排放量分别提高15.3%和98.9%;(3)单次降水弱化了高寒草地CH4和N2 O排放量与土壤温度的关系. 相似文献