Monitoring trace metals in urban aerosols from Buenos Aires city. Determination by plasma-based techniques

A study was undertaken, within the framework of a 3 years national project, to assess the content of 13 elements in airborne particulate matter collected in representative zones of the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires. The sampling strategy followed consisted in collecting simultaneously 67 samples of PM10 particulate matter in 9 sampling sites covering an area of about 30 km2 during one week. The collection was performed on ash-free fibre-glass filters using high volume samplers. A combination of aqua regia and perchloric acid was used for leaching metals from filters. Key elements, namely Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, Sn, Zn and Zr, were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) at micro g g(-1) and ng g(-1) levels. Analyte concentration varied from 130 ng g(-1)(Mo) to over 30%(Ca). Multivariate statistical analysis was performed on the data set including the measured elemental compositions for the monitored period. The atmospheric concentration found for Pb confirms the decreasing levels of this element since the introduction of unleaded gasoline in 1995: 88 ng m(-3)(2001) < 220 ng m(-3)(1997) < 3900 ng m(-3)(1994). The average S concentration above 3 microg m(-3) is somehow unexpectedly high for Buenos Aires since the relatively low S content of liquid fuels and the massive usage of natural gas imply low emissions of this element from combustion activities. To the best of our knowledge, S concentrations are reported for the first time for this city.     

近30年来洞庭湖地区水稻种植面积演变的影响因素分析

研究多熟制水稻面积时空演变及驱动机制对保障我国粮食生产和安全具有重要意义。综合运用Nich指数和地理探测器模型,探讨了洞庭湖地区1987—2017年一季稻和双季稻种植面积的时空动态变化及主要影响因素。结果表明：（1）近30年来,位于丘岗山地区的一季稻面积比例大于中部平原地区,整体呈上升的变化趋势;武陵区、沅江市等地在2007—2017年呈先降后升的变化趋势。（2）1987—2002年间一季稻和双季稻面积相对变化率呈西高东低的梯度型变化模式;2002—2017年间一季稻呈高—低—高的条带状变化模式,双季稻呈北高南低的变化发展模式。（3）1987年和2017年地理探测模型结果表明,有效灌溉面积、工业从业人员、农业从业人员、农林牧渔总产值对水稻面积影响程度不断加深。研究结果可为水稻种植结构调整提供参考依据。     

抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)褐潮研究概述

1985年由抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)引发的褐潮首次出现于美国东北部的一些沿海海湾,后来又于1997年在南非的萨尔达尼亚湾暴发;2009年秦皇岛海域褐潮的暴发使中国成为世界上第三个受其影响的国家。尽管抑食金球藻对人体健康没有直接的不利影响,但是它会导致贝类生长缓慢甚至死亡,从而造成巨大的经济损失和严重的生态问题。本文对国内外学者近年来在抑食金球藻的生理生化特征、暴发与消亡的原因、生态危害及预防措施等方面的研究进行了系统总结,为抑食金球藻褐潮防治及维持海洋生态系统的稳定提供科学依据。     

基于玛氏骨条藻(Skeletonema marinoi)转录组的氮代谢途径解析

本研究分别选取了不同生长时期、不同温度培养以及低硅条件培养的玛氏骨条藻（Skeletonema marinoi）,以Illumina Hiseq 2000平台进行转录组高通量测序分析,共获得39,098个转录本。通过NR注释、GO注释和KEGG通路注释等一系列生物信息学手段对该转录组进行了基因注释和代谢途径分析。在此基础上重点分析了玛氏骨条藻的氮代谢途径,发现共存在20种酶和蛋白及6条相关代谢途径。对38个编码这些酶的基因序列比对结果表明,其与假微型海链藻同源基因具有较高的一致性。同时对这些样品进行数字基因表达谱分析,获得不同生长时期氮代谢途径中酶和蛋白的编码基因的差异表达情况:与对数期相比,在稳定期参与硝酸盐同化过程的两种酶（硝酸盐还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶）的基因和参与氨氮代谢的两种酶（氨甲酰磷酸合成酶和氨基甲酸激酶）的基因均有明显的上调表达,这是玛氏骨条藻对所处的不同生长状态下氮元素存在形态的变化所做出的分子响应。由转录组测序构建的代谢途径及相关基因的差异表达信息有助于对玛氏骨条藻氮代谢关键酶基因调控过程的解析,为进一步研究赤潮藻氮素营养限制过程中相关基因的表达调控模式奠定了基础,可为深入了解赤潮藻对营养元素的利用提供依据。     

钢管混凝土柱温度场简化计算方法

钢管混凝土柱是建筑承重结构的重要组成部分,其耐火极限研究尤为重要。温度场计算作为抗火研究的基础,在保证精确度的前提下要做到简单实用,为高效的抗火设计提供有利条件。通过有限元软件ABAQUS模拟构件温度场,分析80种不同工况下圆、方形构件温度场分布特点,并考虑钢管厚度、截面尺寸等因素,提出了钢管及混凝土温度简化计算公式。通过试验数据、模拟数据对公式进行调校验证,结果表明计算精度满足工程设计要求。     

Analyzing social perception as a key factor in the management of protected areas: the case of the Sierra Nevada Protected Area (S Spain)

Protected areas cannot be considered as elements isolated from the human groups that inhabit them. Consideration of the social factor is fundamental to guarantee the success of any management model. In this sense, analyzing the perception of people who live in protected areas can be a key tool for the formulation of proposals for improving the existing models. This article explores perceptions of local residents in the Sierra Nevada Protected Area in Southern Spain and identifies the socio-demographic factors that affect these perceptions. The main objective is to generate relevant data for the protected area management team. The recommendations we can offer entail a review of the communication plan and participatory strategy considering social differences in perceptions of the local population.     

Exploring the capacity of renewable energy consumption to reduce outdoor air pollution death rate in Latin America and the Caribbean region

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The impact of renewable energy consumption on reducing the outdoor air pollution death rate, in nineteen Latin America &amp; the Caribbean...     

Potential Impacts of Global Warming on the Diversity and Distribution of Stream Insects in South Korea

Globally, the East Asian monsoon region is one of the richest environments in terms of biodiversity. The region is undergoing rapid human development, yet its river ecosystems have not been well studied. Global warming represents a major challenge to the survival of species in this region and makes it necessary to assess and reduce the potential consequences of warming on species of conservation concern. We projected the effects of global warming on stream insect (Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera [EOPT]) diversity and predicted the changes of geographical ranges for 121 species throughout South Korea. Plecoptera was the most sensitive (decrease of 71.4% in number of species from the 2000s through the 2080s) order, whereas Odonata benefited (increase of 66.7% in number of species from the 2000s through the 2080s) from the effects of global warming. The impact of global warming on stream insects was predicted to be minimal prior to the 2060s; however, by the 2080s, species extirpation of up to 20% in the highland areas and 2% in the lowland areas were predicted. The projected responses of stream insects under global warming indicated that species occupying specific habitats could undergo major reductions in habitat. Nevertheless, habitat of 33% of EOPT (including two‐thirds of Odonata and one‐third of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) was predicted to increase due to global warming. The community compositions predicted by generalized additive models varied over this century, and a large difference in community structure in the highland areas was predicted between the 2000s and the 2080s. However, stream insect communities, especially Odonata, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera, were predicted to become more homogenous under global warming. Impacto Potencial del Calentamiento Global sobre la Diversidad y la Distribución de Insectos de Arroyo en Corea del Sur