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201.
Educational initiative of Osaka University in sustainability science: mobilizing science and technology towards sustainability 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Michinori Uwasu Helmut Yabar Keishiro Hara Yoshiyuki Shimoda Tatsuyoshi Saijo 《Sustainability Science》2009,4(1):45-53
One of the most important and yet difficult challenges that modern societies face is how to mobilize science and technology
(S&T) to minimize the impact of human activities on the Earth’s life support systems. As the establishment of inter-disciplinary
education programs is necessary to design a unified vision towards understanding the complexity of human nature, the Research
Institute for Sustainability Science (RISS) launched a new program on sustainability science in April 2008. The program expects
to address the issue of how to use knowledge more effectively to understand the dynamic interactions between nature and human
society. This paper first offers an overview of international and Japanese initiatives on sustainability education in which
we highlight the uniqueness of the attempt by the Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science (IR3S). The paper
then introduces the RISS program for sustainability science, addressing the principles and curriculum design of the program.
The paper discusses the main problems and constraints faced when developing the program, such as institutional barriers in
building a curriculum and obtaining cooperation from faculty. To challenge these barriers and limitations, the RISS uses the
program as a platform to disseminate the idea of sustainability science across the university. This attempt helps us to obtain
the continuing cooperation necessary to improve and maintain the program.
相似文献
Michinori UwasuEmail: |
202.
Lemmens B Elslander H Vanderreydt I Peys K Diels L Oosterlinck M Joos M 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2007,27(11):1562-1569
Plasma gasification is an innovative technology for transforming high calorific waste streams into a valuable synthesis gas and a vitrified slag by means of a thermal plasma. A test program has been set up to evaluate the feasibility of plasma gasification and the impact of this process on the environment. RDF (refuse derived fuel) from carpet and textile waste was selected as feed material for semi-pilot gasification tests. The aim of the tests was: (1) to evaluate the technical feasibility of making a stable synthesis gas; (2) to characterize the composition of this synthesis gas; (3) to define a suitable after-treatment configuration for purification of the syngas and (4) to characterize the stability of the slag, i.e., its resistance to leaching for use as a secondary building material. The tests illustrate that plasma gasification can result in a suitable syngas quality and a slag, characterized by an acceptable leachability. Based on the test results, a further scale-up of this technology will be prepared and validation tests run. 相似文献
203.
Schiller H Schönfeld W Krasemann HL Schiller K 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,132(1-3):339-350
The aim of environmental surveillance is to monitor known phenomena as well as to detect exceptional situations. Synoptic
monitoring of large areas in coastal waters can be performed by remote sensing using multispectral sensors onboard satellites.
Many methods are in use which enable the detection and quantification of ‘standard algae’ or specific algae blooms using their
known spectral response. The present study focusses on the detection of spectra outside the known range and which are referred
to as exceptional spectra. In a first step observations from a one-year period were used to establish the parameterisation
of what is defined as ‘normal.’ In a second step observations from a different period were used to test the novelty detection
application, i.e. to look for features not occurring in the first period.
相似文献
204.
Köhler HR Sandu C Scheil V Nagy-Petrică EM Segner H Telcean I Stan G Triebskorn R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,127(1-3):47-54
Along a downstream stretch of River Mureş, Romania, adult males of two feral fish species, European chub (Leuciscus cephalus) and sneep (Chondrostoma nasus) were sampled at four sites with different levels of contamination. Fish were analysed for the biochemical markers hsp70
(in liver and gills) and hepatic EROD activity, as well as several biometrical parameters (age, length, wet weight, condition
factor). None of the biochemical markers correlated with any biometrical parameter, thus biomarker reactions were related
to site-specific criteria. While the hepatic hsp70 level did not differ among the sites, significant elevation of the hsp70
level in the gills revealed proteotoxic damage in chub at the most upstream site, where we recorded the highest heavy metal
contamination of the investigated stretch, and in both chub and sneep at the site right downstream of the city of Arad. In
both species, significantly elevated hepatic EROD activity downstream of Arad indicated that fish from these sites are also
exposed to organic chemicals. The results were indicative of impaired fish health at least at three of the four investigated
sites. The approach to relate biomarker responses to analytical data on pollution was shown to fit well the recent EU demands
on further enhanced efforts in the monitoring of Romanian water quality. 相似文献
205.
Julian Adolphs Frank Kleinjung Jorge Numata Hans Mielke Klaus Abraham Helmut Schafft Christine Müller-Graf Matthias Greiner 《Chemosphere》2013
When food producing animals are contaminated with PCDD/F congeners, information on the contaminant’s concentration in the bodies of the animals at time of slaughter is needed for risk management purposes. We have developed a mathematical model for the kinetics of PCDD/Fs in growing pigs in case of contaminated feed fed for a limited duration of time. This model allows the prediction of concentrations in body fat. It considers absorption fractions of PCDD/Fs, clearance by metabolism, dilution by growth and excretion through fecal fat. The model parameters were calibrated by fitting the model to experimental data. On the basis of this toxicokinetic model a probabilistic model has been constructed. The probabilistic model handles the parameters with appropriate probability distributions and Monte-Carlo simulation technique, providing for realistic situations with many animals and a range of contaminations and feeding intervals. We applied the new model to describe the German dioxin incident of winter 2010/2011 and discuss its viability as decision tool. The approach demonstrated here is a showcase how a risk assessment in the case of contaminated feeding can be performed. 相似文献
206.
Michael Urban Stephan Hann Helmut Rost 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2019,54(2):98-111
In this study, a two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of pesticide residues and contaminants in whole wheat grains and oats. The samples were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile and water and were injected into the two-dimensional LC-MS/MS system without any further clean-up or sample preparation. Samples were analyzed with four different matrix matched calibrations. Matrix effects were evaluated by comparing analyte signals in the respective matrix matched standard with the neat solvent standards. The final method was validated according to the current Eurachem validation guide and SANTE document. The number of successfully validated analytes throughout all three validation levels in oats and wheat, respectively, were as follows: 330 and 316 out of 370 pesticides, 6 and 13 out of 18 pyrrolizidine alkaloids and 7 out of 9 regulated mycotoxins. Moreover, both plant growth regulators mepiquat and chlormequat as well as the tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine met the validation criteria. The majority of pesticides showed limits of detection below 1?µg kg?1, pyrrolizidine alkaloids below 0.7?µg kg?1, tropane alkaloids below 0.2?µg kg?1, growth regulators below 0.7?µg kg?1 and mycotoxins below 8?µg kg?1 in both matrices. 相似文献
207.
Katrin Quiel Annette Becker Volker Kirchesch Andreas Schöl Helmut Fischer 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(2):405-421
The effects of changing climatic and socioeconomic conditions on the water quality of the Elbe River were investigated using
the deterministic model QSim. Since the impact of global change on river water quality marks the endpoint of various processes
in the catchment and in the atmosphere, this study was performed within a network of interacting models that determined input
parameters for water quality simulations. The development of phytoplankton and nutrient concentrations under conditions of
global change was modeled along a 700 km stretch of the river. The simulations revealed a strong, scale-dependent effect of
climate change on phytoplankton biomass, leading to a longitudinal shift of the dominating processes (primary productivity
vs. respiration) along the river continuum. Under reduced flow, combined with increasing temperature and global radiation,
phytoplankton biomass increased and phytoplankton maxima shifted in upstream direction, followed by higher system respiration
rates in the adjacent downstream sections. In contrast, higher flow shifted the phytoplankton maximum toward the downstream
sections. Even a drastic reduction of phosphorus inputs from anthropogenic sources had only limited influence on algal biomass,
due to the ability of algal cells to store phosphorus. A strong reduction in P-inputs especially in the headwaters would be
necessary to counterbalance the possible climate-induced effects on algal biomass. 相似文献
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