基于污泥堆肥产物与余泥渣土制备的人工土壤的理化性质分析与评价

为实现污水厂污泥及余泥渣土的协同处理和资源化利用,以“两步法”制备人工土壤,考察不同配比条件对人工土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明：污水污泥与3种不同辅料 (玉米秸秆、菌菇渣、木屑) 配比后进行好氧堆肥,堆肥结束后腐熟度符合国家相关标准要求,将污泥堆肥产物和余泥渣土制备得到人工土壤,其理化性质与天然土壤类似。堆肥添加量能显著影响人工土壤水稳性团聚体、pH值、EC、有机质、总氮及有效磷含量,在人工土壤种植应用时,污泥+玉米秸秆的堆肥种植效果最好,采用改进的内罗梅综合指数法进行综合评价,综合考虑,污泥+玉米秸秆堆肥产物添加量为30%、余泥渣土添加量为70%和污泥+玉米秸秆堆肥产物添加量为50%、余泥渣土添加量为50%是最优质的人工土壤,污泥+木屑堆肥次之,污泥+菌菇渣堆肥效果最差。     

异养硝化及其在污水脱氮中的作用

通过与传统自养硝化作用的比较，异养硝化作用不仅是客观存在的过程，而且某些特殊的异养菌，可以同步进行异养硝化和好氧反硝化，对于污水脱氮具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。     

各种影响因子对电解法预处理医药废水的影响研究

探讨了电解法预处理医药废水时停留时间、电解电压、废水初始浓度、温度和废水pH值等影响因子对去除色度、COD和提高废水可生化性等处理效果的影响，并考察了其应用于工业实际废水处理的可行性。实验结果表明：电解法更适合高浓度医药废水的处理，色度的去除率可达到90％以上；电解时间宜控制在40-60min；电解电压越高，废水COD和色度去除效果越好；在实验温度范围内，温度对色度和COD去除率的影响不大；废水pH值为7．5时电解效果最佳，工程运用宜控制在6—9之间。     

青霉菌HHE-P7利用酱油废水产生微生物絮凝剂的研究

研究了微生物絮凝剂产生菌HHE-P7在酱油废水中产生微生物絮凝剂的絮凝特性。实验表明，酱油废水由于碳源丰富，是一种良好的培养基。HHE-P7菌最佳培养条件为：COD20000mg／L，K2HP041．0g／L，培养3d。最佳絮凝条件为在1L高岭土水中投加10～15mL微生物絮凝剂（MBF7），pH调至9，则絮凝率为90％以上；微生物絮凝荆在水系中主要起吸附架桥的作用。     

Determination of the residue dynamics and dietary risk of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in citrus and soil by LC-MS/MS

A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed for the determination of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in citrus (including the whole citrus, peel and pulp) and soil samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and purified with octadecylsilane. The detection limits of both compounds were 0.0001–0.0002?mg kg^–1, while the limit of quantification of thiamethoxam was 0.002?mg kg^–1 and the limit of quantitation of metabolites was 0.001?mg kg^–1. The recovery was 70.37%–109.76%, with inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) (n?=?15) values ≤9.46% for the two compounds in the four matrices. The degradation curve of thiamethoxam in whole citrus and soil was plotted using the first-order kinetic model. The half-life of the whole citrus was 1.9–6.2?days, and the half-life of the soil was 3.9–4.2?days. The terminal residue of thiamethoxam (the sum of thiamethoxam and clothianidin, expressed as thiamethoxam) was found to be concentrated on the peel. The final residual amount of thiamethoxam in the edible portion (pulp) was less than 0.061?mg kg^–1. The risk quotient values were all below 1, indicating that thiamethoxam as a citrus insecticide does not pose a health risk to humans at the recommended dosage.     

基于MAX-DOAS的乌鲁木齐市NO2时空变化

为研究乌鲁木齐市NO2污染状况,了解其时空分布特征及其影响因素,基于多轴差分吸收光谱技术（MAX-DOAS）,利用2014年4月—2015年12月3个监测点和多次车载移动观测的数据,反演了乌鲁木齐对流层NO2垂直柱浓度（VCD）,并且结合气象和地形等因素进行了分析。结果表明：NO2 VCD由高到低的季节依次是冬季、春季、秋季和夏季,均值为10.84、7.78、5.98和3.56×1015 molec·cm-2;由高到低的监测站依次是城区站、工业区站和郊区站,年均值为9.52、8.44和5.58×1015 molec·cm-2;日变化上春冬两季呈U型,夏秋两季呈双峰型;NO2空间分布由南到北呈明显的"两头低中间高",高值通常出现在市区高架桥附近;乌鲁木齐NO2 VCD与气象因子温度、风速、相对湿度、日照时数都有较好的相关性;乌鲁木齐夏季盛行西北风,顺势于地形利于市区污染物传输出去,冬季盛行东北风,而东面有博格达山阻挡致使风速较低,污染物滞留堆积浓度高。     

忻州市大气PM2.5的化学组成质量平衡特征及来源解析

于2013年9月（非采暖季）、2014年2-3月（采暖季）、2014年5月（风沙季）采集忻州市3个监测点（新城区、开发区和旧城区）的PM2.5样品,分析其中的39种元素、9种水溶性离子及2种碳组分,并对PM2.5的质量浓度进行重构。结果表明,重构后的化学组分分为5类：矿物尘、微量元素、有机物、元素碳和二次粒子,其中矿物尘、二次粒子及有机物是忻州PM2.5的主要组成,分别占到ρ（PM2.5）的24.0%~36.2%、19.2%~32.6%和12.9%~25.7%;化学组成质量分数具有较明显的季节变化特征,风沙季矿物尘质量分数高于采暖季和非采暖季,采暖季有机物质量分数高于其他两季,非采暖季二次粒子质量分数略高于其他两季;化学组分的空间变化显示会展中心站点的二次粒子和矿物尘质量分数明显高于其他2个站点。应用化学质量平衡（CMB）模型进行来源解析,结果显示忻州市PM2.5的主要来源是扬尘（21%~35%）、二次粒子（25%~26%）和机动车尾气（21%~26%）。     

Hexabromocyclododecanes in soils and plants from a plastic waste treatment area in North China: occurrence,diastereomer- and enantiomer-specific profiles,and metabolization

Plastic waste is a source of organic contaminants such as hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs). HBCDs have been found to cause developmental and reproductive toxicity; it is important to investigate the occurrence and metabolization of HBCDs in the soil environments with plastic waste contamination. This work analyzed HBCDs and their metabolites in soil and plant samples collected from Xinle and Dingzhou—the major plastic waste recycling centers in North China. Results showed that total HBCD concentrations in soils followed the order: plastic waste treatment site (11.0–624 ng/g) > roadside (2.96–85.4 ng/g) ≥ farmland (8.69–55.5 ng/g). HBCDs were detected in all the plant samples with total concentrations ranging from 3.47 to 23.4 ng/g. γ-HBCD was the dominant congener in soils, while α-HBCD was preferentially accumulated in plants. Compositions of HBCD isomers in soils and plants were significantly different (P < 0.05) among sampling sites and among plant species. HBCDs in farmland soil and all plant samples exhibited high enantio-selectivity based on the enantiomeric fractions (EFs). Furthermore, metabolites of pentabromocyclododecenes (PBCDEs) were frequently identified in soils, and mono-OH-HBCDs were the most common ones in plants. This study for the first time provides evidences of HBCD contamination in the soil-plant system caused by plastic waste, their stereo-selectivity, and metabolization behavior, improving our understanding of the environmental behavior and fate of HBCDs.     

Properties of pyrolytic chars and activated carbons derived from pilot-scale pyrolysis of used tires

Used tires were pyrolyzed in a pilot-scale quasi-inert rotary kiln. Influences of variables, such as time, temperature, and agent flow, on the activation of obtained char were subsequently investigated in a laboratory-scale fixed bed. Mesoporous pores are found to be dominant in the pore structures of raw char. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surfaces of activated chars increased linearly with carbon burnoff. The carbon burnoff of tire char achieved by carbon dioxide (CO2) under otherwise identical conditions was on average 75% of that achieved by steam, but their BET surfaces are almost the same. The proper activation greatly improved the aqueous adsorption of raw char, especially for small molecular adsorbates, for example, phenol from 6 to 51 mg/g. With increasing burnoff, phenol adsorption exhibited a first-stage linear increase followed by a rapid drop after 30% burnoff. Similarly, iodine adsorption first increased linearly, but it held as the burnoff exceeded 40%, which implied that the reduction of iodine adsorption due to decreasing micropores was partially made up by increasing mesopores. Both raw chars and activated chars showed appreciable adsorption capacity of methylene-blue comparable with that of commercial carbons. Thus, tire-derived activated carbons can be used as an excellent mesoporous adsorbent for larger molecular species.     

关于长江产业带建设总体布局的初步思考

重点开发长江是90年代中国经济重大战略布署。将长江产业带建设成具有强大经济实力的国家一级经济轴线,宜采用分层次推进与中心辐射相结合的发展战略,以浦东开发和三峡建设为契机,加强基础产业,发展新兴产业和第三产业,优化产业结构,以能源和交通建设先行,改善基础设施。同时,要协调产业带建设与浦东开发、三峡工程建设的关系。