Lead contamination in tea leaves and non-edaphic factors affecting it

Recent tests have detected high lead (Pb) concentrations in some commercial brands of tea leaves and this finding has raised concerns due to the possible health-related problems associated with Pb poisoning. In present research, we investigated the Pb contamination in tea leaves produced in Zhejiang province in China. Pb concentrations in all tea leaves sampled were below 5 mg/kg, the permissible levels given by Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, indicating that Pb contamination in this province is not excessive. We then investigated the non-edaphic factors that may potentially contribute to Pb accumulation in tea leaves. Pb concentration in tea leaves was found to be positively correlated with the industrialization level of a district (R = 0.83, the significant level at P < 0.05), and greater amounts of Pb were washed from the leaves of plants in districts with more industrial activity. This suggests that Pb accumulation in tea leaves could, in part, be attributed to industrial activity through the precipitation of atmospheric Pb. Furthermore greater amounts of Pb were washed from the leaves of plants growing near road than those growing farther away from road. This trend indicates that automobile activity was another likely contributor to Pb accumulation in tea. Pb content of green tea was also affected by the processing of the leaves in the factory. In particular the twisting and water-removal stages caused increases in Pb content in the tea product. This study suggests that non-edaphic factors also contribute to the Pb accumulation in tea.     

基于mcrA基因的厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷菌群分析

基于mcrA基因对阿维菌素废水处理工业化UASB厌氧颗粒污泥中产甲烷菌群进行分析,并与基于16S rRNA基因的产甲烷菌群分析结果进行比较.结果表明,基于2种目标基因PCR产物的DGGE图谱存在差异,但根据图谱计算所得产甲烷菌群Shannon多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Berger-Parker优势度指数没有差异,表明基于2种目标基因的产甲烷菌群多样性分析基本一致.基于不同目标基因的优势产甲烷菌群系统发育种属的分析结果大体相似,产甲烷杆菌目和产甲烷八叠球菌目是厌氧颗粒污泥样品中的优势产甲烷种群;同时,分析结果的差异表明2种目标基因的检测特异性不完全相同.基于2种目标基因的产甲烷菌群FISH杂交区域具有很高的一致性,但杂交区域面积有所差异.基于mcrA基因FISH检测的产甲烷菌群平均相对丰度为24.25%±6.47%,低于基于16S rRNA基因FISH检测结果(33.42%±2.34%).以上结果表明,基于mcrA基因与基于16S rRNA基因的的产甲污泥菌群分析结果具有较高的相似度,mcrA基因可以作为16S rRNA基因的替代目标基因.     

国内外恶臭污染控制标准研究

文章对美国、荷兰、日本、澳大利亚等国家的恶臭污染控制标准的制定思路和管理经验进行了详细介绍和对比,分析了我国现行恶臭污染物排放标准存在的问题,为我国的恶臭污染控制标准的修订提供参考和借鉴。     

Fluorescence immunoassay using an optical fiber for determination of Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f1)

Immunoassay methods are generally used for measuring of allergenic substances. However, they need special facilities, skilled handling, and time-consuming procedure. In this work, a fiber-optic immunoassay system which could measure allergen by fluorescent intensities of immune complexes formed by allergens and fluorescently labeled antibodies was established. Immune complexes absorbed on the optical fiber probe surface, and excitation light was injected into the probe, then evanescent field is created in the proximity of the probe. The fluorophores were excited by the evanescent light, and fluorescence was detected by a photo diode. The target allergen detected by our system was Der f1 derived from Dermatophagoides farinae that is one of the house dust mite and major source of inhaled allergens. The fluorophore used labeling on detecting antibody was cyanine 5. The system enabled to detect and quantitatively determine of Der f1. The measurement range was from 0.24 to 250?ng/ml, and the result competes with ELISA. The measurement time was 16?min/sample. The immunoassay system was applied to measurement of Der f1 from actual dust samples. Calculated values of Der f1 showed good correlations between the fiber-optic fluoroimmunoassay and ELISA.     

Methane emission via sediment and water interface in the Bohai Sea, China

Sediment is recognized as the largest reservoir and source of methane (CH₄) in the ocean, especially in the shallow coastal areas. To date, few data of CH₄ concentration in sediment have been reported in the China shelf seas. In this study, we measured CH₄ concentration in sediment and overlying seawater columns, and conducted an incubation experiment in the Bohai Sea in May 2017. CH₄ concentration was found to be ranged from 3.075 to 1.795 μmol/L in sediment, which was 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than that in overlying seawater columns. The surface sediment was an important source of CH₄, while bottom seawater acted as its sink. Furthermore, the net emission rate via sediment water interface (SWI) was calculated as 2.45 μmol/(m²∙day) based on the incubation experiment at station 73, and the earthquake may enhance CH₄ release from sediment to seawater column in the eastern Bohai Sea.     

The utility of electrocardiography and echocardiography in copper deficiency-induced cardiac damage in goats

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Copper deficiency (CuD) is a common mineral disorder in ruminants, which causes histomorphological changes in the heart due to disturbances in...     

固体水造林效果试验研究

本文研究了达拉特旗固体水试验区固体水对土壤含水量、造林成活率、保存率和树木生长情况的影响及效果。结果表明,在鄂尔多斯干旱半干旱地区施用固体水,可以明显地改善土壤水分状况,施用固体水的三个树种的土壤含水量均比对照有不同程度的提高。尤其放置固体水的30-40cm土层,即植物根系的主要分布层的土壤含水量明显高于对照,与对照相比提高1.4%-3.6%;固体水处理对柠条、沙柳、杨树成活和保存均有明显的作用,与对照相比,分别提高了14.6%、19.6%、10.5%和14.2%、24.3%和13.5%;固体水对沙柳、杨树的植株生长也均有明显的促进作用,尤其生物量达到了对照的3倍左右。     

Export quality,economic growth,and renewable-nonrenewable energy use: non-linear evidence through regime shifts

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Since export has a key role in economic growth in terms of national production quantity, export quality can be considered another important factor...     

北京市生物源一次气溶胶数浓度变化特征及影响因素

生物源一次气溶胶（PBAP）,是大气颗粒物的重要组成部分,不论微生物死活,对空气质量和人类健康均会产生影响,同时对大气化学以及气候变化都有重要影响.基于流式细胞仪分析技术,结合碘化丙啶（PI）和SYBR （SYBR Green I）双荧光探针,对北京城区大气环境中死的和活的PBAP进行了识别和定量分析,并探究气象因子和空气污染因子对其影响.结果发现,北京城区死的和活的PBAP数浓度中值夏季（1.03×10⁶个·m^-3和7.43×10⁵个·m^-3）高于冬季（7.34×10⁵个·m^-3和6.18×10⁵个·m^-3）,且两者呈现明显的同步变化趋势.统计学结果分析发现,PBAP数浓度与气象条件和空气质量等环境影响因子相关性并不显著,与温度和湿度呈现弱正相关关系,与O₃、最大风速和日照时数呈现弱负相关关系.PBAP数浓度与细颗粒物PM_2.5浓度相关性较弱,与粗颗粒物（PM_2.5-10）浓度呈现明显的正相关关系.静稳天气和沙尘长距离传输都可以提升北京城区PBAP的数浓度水平.     

江西景德镇站大气CH4和CO季节变化及源解析

基于江西景德镇温室气体站2017年12月~2018年11月筛分获得的CH₄及CO大气本底和污染浓度数据,对大气CH₄和CO浓度季节变化及其排放源特征进行研究,结果表明：大气CH₄和CO本底浓度季节变化特征与浙江临安本底站类似,即夏季低而冬季高,而夏季江西地区水稻田和湿地排放导致CH₄污染浓度显著抬升,相比本底浓度抬升幅度可达133.9×10^-9,冬季受西北部地区取暖排放的区域输送的影响,1月CO污染平均浓度较本底浓度抬升达227.2×10^-9.基于本底数据及污染数据,结合后向轨迹模型分析发现景德镇站大气CO潜在排放源主要分布在湖北东南部（四季）、安徽（秋冬季）、山东中部（秋季）、长江三角洲上海及杭州（夏秋季）、湖南东部和江西地区（冬季）等区域,其中冬季湖南东部和江西地区贡献率达53.7%,CH₄排放源主要集中在江西地区（夏季）、长江三角洲杭州、南京及安徽南部覆盖区域（夏季）、湖北东南部（夏秋季）以及安徽（秋季）、山东中部（秋季）等区域,夏季南京、杭州及安徽南部覆盖区域的CH₄排放对景德镇站CH₄浓度抬升的贡献率达到69.5%.大气CH₄及CO呈现较好的相关性,冬季其相关系数可达0.86,受CH₄和CO源汇季节变化影响,CH₄/CO排放比呈现冬季低值（0.31）、夏季高值（1.06）.