Production and emission of phosphine gas from wetland ecosystems

Phosphine is a part of an atmospheric link of phosphorus cycle on earth, which could be an important pathway for phosphorus transport in environment.Wetland ecosystems are important locations for global biogeochemical phosphorus cycle.In this study, production and emission fluxes of free phosphine from four wetlands types in southern China were observed in different seasons.The results showed that the concentration of phosphine liberated from wetlands was at pg/m3-ng/m3 level.The emission concentrations of different wetlands followed the sequence:paddy field(51.83 ± 3.06) ng/m3 marsh(46.54 ± 20.55) ng/m3 lake(37.05 ± 22.74) ng/m3 coastal wetland(1.71 ± 0.73) ng/m3, the positive phosphine emission flux occurred in rice paddy field(6.67 ± 5.18) ng/(m2·hr) and marsh(6.23 ± 26.9) ng/(m2·hr), while a negative phosphine flux of(-13.11 ± 35.04) ng/(m2·hr) was observed on the water-air interface of Lake Taihu, suggesting that paddy field and marsh may be important sources for phosphine gas in atmosphere, while lake may be a sink of atmospheric phosphine gas during the sampling period.Atmospheric phosphine levels and emission flux from Yancheng marsh and rice paddy field varied in different seasons and vegetational zones.Both diffusion resistance in aqueous phase and temperature were dominating factors for the production and transportation of phosphine to atmosphere.     

Biogeochemical zonation of sulfur during the discharge of groundwater to lake in desert plateau (Dakebo Lake,NW China)

As one of the important elements of controlling the redox system within the hyporheic and hypolentic zone, sulfur is involved in a series of complex biogeochemical processes such as carbon cycle, water acidification, formation of iron and manganese minerals, redox processes of trace metal elements and a series of important ecological processes. Previous studies on biogeochemistry of the hyporheic and hypolentic zones mostly concentrated on nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus, heavy metals and other pollutants. Systematic study of biogeochemical behavior of sulfur and its main controlling factors within the lake hypolentic zone is very urgent and important. In this paper, a typical desert plateau lake, Dakebo Lake in northwestern China, was taken for example within which redox zonation and biogeochemical characteristics of sulfur affected by hydrodynamic conditions were studied based on not only traditional hydrochemical analysis, but also environmental isotope evidence. In the lake hypolentic zone of the study area, due to the different hydrodynamic conditions, vertical profile of sulfur species and environmental parameters differ at the two sites of the lake (western side and center). Reduction of sulfate, deposition and oxidation of sulfide, dissolution and precipitation of sulfur-bearing minerals occurred are responded well to Eh, dissolved oxygen, pH, organic carbon and microorganism according to which the lake hypolentic zone can be divided into reduced zone containing H₂S, reduced zone containing no H₂S, transition zone and oxidized zone. The results of this study provide valuable insights for understanding sulfur conversion processes and sulfur biogeochemical zonation within a lake hypolentic zone in an extreme plateau arid environment and for protecting the lake–wetland ecosystem in arid and semiarid regions.     

苍山5.2级地震前后井水位固体潮加卸载响应比的短临异常变化

将尹祥础固体潮加卸载响应比的理论和方法引入到地下水位潮汐资料计算中,从岩石的应变与应力的非线性响应分析了井水位固体潮加卸载响应比的物理机理,从理论上论证可以应用地下水位观测资料来计算加卸载响应比,并研究出利用地下水位对固体潮响应来计算加卸载响应比的方法。以此方法计算了山东省莒南井（Ｌｕ １４井）水位的固体潮加卸载响应比,分析了１９９５年苍山５２级地震前后井水位固体潮加卸载响应比的短临异常变化。     

智能石墨消解-ICP/MS测定土壤中的10种金属元素研究

使用智能石墨消解对土壤样品进行前处理,ICP/MS测定土壤中的V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb、Pb等10种金属元素含量。实验表明,智能石墨消解能将土壤样品消解完全,ICP-MS测定土壤标准样品结果均在保证值范围内、相对标准偏差在0.5%~4.6%之间,具有较好的精密度。该方法安全性高、污染少、操作简单、实现了智能化,适合大批量样品同时测定。     

一株耐镉链霉菌的筛选、鉴定与基本特性分析

微生物在重金属污染治理中具有重要作用.采用微生物纯培养技术从镉污染土壤中分离获得一株在液体培养基和固体培养基中能够分别耐受45 mmol·L~(-1)和50 mmol·L~(-1)Cd~(2+)的细菌,通过形态学、生理生化及分子鉴定,初步鉴定该菌株属于链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.),命名为Streptomyces sp.strain Cd TB01.进一步实验结果表明,耐镉链霉菌Streptomyces sp.strain Cd TB01的优化培养条件为:马铃薯蔗糖培养基,在250m L的三角瓶中装液量为90 m L,培养温度30℃,初始pH=6.0,接种量6.0%,NaCl质量分数0%;湿菌体吸附Cd~(2+)的优化条件为:温度30℃,pH=8.0,NaCl质量分数1.0%,Cd~(2+)浓度500 mg·L~(-1),吸附率为44.78%;干菌粉吸附Cd~(2+)的优化条件为:温度30℃,pH=9.0,NaCl质量分数0%,Cd~(2+)浓度100 mg·L~(-1),吸附率达到70.45%.说明链霉菌Streptomyces sp.strain Cd TB01在重金属污水处理中具有广阔的应用前景.     

电感耦合等离子质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定地表水中痕量钒

建立电感耦合等离子质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定地表水中的钒的方法。优化了仪器条件后,水样经硝酸酸化后,用ICP-MS直接测定溶液中的钒含量。方法在0.0μg/L-100μg/L范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.04μg/L,其回收率在98.4%-100.2%之间,相对标准偏差小于1.0%。本方法具有检出限低,准确度高,精密度好的特点,完全满足地表水、饮用水等实际样品的测试的需要。     

Effect of silicones and polymers on the wetting and foaming properties of anionic and nonionic hydrocarbon surfactants

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To better understand the effects of nonionic silicones and polymers on the wetting and foaming properties of anionic and nonionic hydrocarbon...     

利用理化和生物指标评价濠河水体特征研究

通过对南通市老城区护城河濠河2008年-2012年水生生物监测结果与水质理化指标的综合分析表明,濠河由于定期从长江引水,水质稳中有升,总体以Ⅳ类为主,能满足其功能区水质需要。从生物多样性来看,浮游生物主要分布在“较丰富”级别,底栖生物由于水中沉沙、河道疏浚及历史污染等受多方面因素的影响,物种多样性较差,优势种明显;各指标在近几年都呈现不同程度的减少趋势,应引起重视。     

基于状态空间法人文因素对大连市生态环境的影响研究

以大连市为研究区域,构建人文因素对区域生态系统影响的指标体系、评估模型及评估标准,基于状态空间法,从区域资源、区域环境、人文因素三个维度对大连市2002-2012期间47个指标,评价人文因素对生态环境的影响。结果表明：近十二年来,大连市人文因素对生态环境的影响综合指数几乎都在临界值以下,即处在影响适度范围内,总体上达到了可持续发展的要求,但是与青岛市相比,大连市还应该加强生态环境保护的力度,避免在以后的发展中受到环境的制约。     

喹啉降解菌的降解效果考察

为了探索石油污染土壤中含氮杂环化合物的降解情况,在考察石油污染土壤理化性质的基础上,选择喹啉作为目标污染物,采用选择性富集培养的方法,从45份石油污染土壤样品中,分离得到155株降解喹啉污染物的高效降解菌株,从中选择降解效率较高的2株喹啉降解菌命名为Q5和Q24,进行喹啉的降解性能研究,比较了单一优势菌株、人工复合菌群和土壤中的自然菌群对喹啉的降解情况。实验结果表明,石油污染土壤中自然菌群对喹啉的降解效果好于单一的优势菌株和人工复合菌群。