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351.
352.
Roland Weber Hans Gerhard Varbelow 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(4):1918-1924
α-Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), β-HCH, and γ-HCH (lindane) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention. Therefore, the chemicals need to be globally addressed, including the disposal of historic wastes. At most sites, the approximately 85 % of HCH waste isomers were dumped. At a former lindane factory in Hamburg and some other factories the HCH, waste was recycled producing residues with high polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/PCDF) levels. The soil and ground water under the former pesticide factory was/is highly contaminated with HCH (260 tons), chlorobenzenes (550 tons), and PCDD/PCDF (6 kg toxic equivalents (TEQ)). This contamination did not result from disposal operations but from spillages and leakages during the 30 years of the factory's production history. A containment wall has been constructed around the production area to prevent the dispersal of the pollutants. The ground water is managed by a pump and treat system. Over the last 15 years, approximately 10–30 tons of this pollution reservoir has been pumped and incinerated. For the contaminated production buildings, specific assessment and demolition technologies have been applied. In addition to their HCH waste isomer deposition, former lindane/HCH productions need to be assessed for possible recycling practice of HCH and related PCDD/PCDF contamination of the production area and buildings. Since such recycling activities have taken place at several factories in different countries, the experience of assessment and management of the described production area and contaminated buildings could be valuable. Such assessment could be addressed within the frame of the Stockholm Convention. 相似文献
353.
Dietmar Oettl Peter Johann Sturm Gerhard Pretterhofer Michael Bacher Johannes Rodler Raimund Alfons Almbauer 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1233-1240
Abstract Transit traffic through the Austrian Alps is of major concern in government policy. Pollutant burdens resulting from such traffic are discussed widely in Austrian politics and have already led to measures to restrict traffic on transit routes. In the course of an environmental assessment study, comprehensive measurements were performed. These included air quality observations using passive samplers, a differential optical absorption spectroscopy system, a mobile and a fixed air quality monitoring station, and meteorological observations. As was evident from several previous studies, dispersion modeling in such areas of complex terrain and, moreover, with frequent calm wind conditions, is difficult to handle. Further, in the case presented here, different pollutant sources had to be treated simultaneously (e.g., road networks, exhaust chimneys from road tunnels, and road tunnel portals). No appropriate system for modeling all these factors has so far appeared in the literature. A prognostic wind field model coupled with a Lagrangian dispersion model is thus presented here and is designed to treat all these factors. A comparison of the modeling system with results from passive samplers and from a fixed air quality monitoring station proved the ability of the model to provide reasonable figures for concentration distributions along the A10. 相似文献
354.
Stefan Drews Gerhard Reese 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2018,12(6):763-772
Questioning the compatibility of economic growth and environmental sustainability, some scholars and activists call for a degrowth strategy. This idea presents an attack on the economic growth paradigm, and it has thus raised considerable attention. Yet, although many agree with questioning economic growth, a debate continues as to whether the term “degrowth” is (dis)advantageous in wider public communications. This debate, however, lacks empirical evidence. Here, we present two studies on how “degrowth” is perceived compared to other relevant terms. In Study 1, we show that “degrowth” elicits more negative affective and emotional reactions compared to “post-growth” and “prosperity without growth.” In Study 2, we find that the effects of labeling on attitudes and voting intentions toward a sustainable economy are relatively small. These initial results suggest that “degrowth” may evoke somewhat more negative emotional reactions than similar terms, but this may not have significant consequences. We discuss the results and draw implications for communication and further research. 相似文献
355.
Mass budgets of hexachlorocyclohexanes (alpha-HCH and gamma-HCH) and a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB 153) for 1995--2001 were calculated based on model simulations and observations for the North Sea as a whole and the German Bight, a coastal shallow subregion. For the North Sea the air-sea fluxes of the three pollutants were net depositional and dominated by local sources (gamma-HCH and PCB 153) or atmospheric deposition (alpha-HCH). The air-sea fluxes were net volatilizational in the German Bight. Unlike HCH, PCB 153 does not show a downward trend in the North Sea marine environment during the study period. Due to its physicochemical properties it is expected to readily enter the food chains. Model results suggest that during studied period, the North Sea was a sink for PCB 153 and a source of HCHs for the outer world. 相似文献
356.
Gerhard Börner 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1981,68(9):458-463
Some highlights of the current research in relativistic astrophysics are presented, as they have been discussed at the recent Texas Symposium, together with additional background information. The topics covered include cosmology — models and measurements —quasars, and compact objects — supernovae, SS433, and gamma ray bursts. 相似文献
357.
358.
Though it is known that flower scent not only attracts pollinators but also herbivores, little is known about the importance
of flower scent on the distribution of leaf herbivores among individuals within a plant species. In this study we determined
the distribution of galls induced by the sawfly Pontania proxima (Serville 1823) (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae) on flowering and non-flowering representatives of several clones
belonging to Salix fragilis and S. × rubens (Salicaceae). Further, amounts and composition of scent of flowering and non-flowering twigs were compared (dynamic headspace-gas
chromatography–mass spectrometry, DHS-GC–MS), and a scent sample collected from flowering twigs of S. fragilis was tested by coupled gas chromatography and electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) on the antennae of P. proxima females. The results show that the presence of flower catkins on plants led to a higher degree of allocation with galls,
but the number of galls differed not between flowering and non-flowering plants. The DHS-GC–MS analyses revealed that the
total amount of flower scent emitted per flowering twig is about 90 times higher than the scent emitted by a non-flowering
twig. Further, several compounds were emitted only by flowering but not by non-flowering twigs. In the GC-EAD analyses, antennae
consistently responded not only to green leaf volatiles, but also to compounds emitted only by the flowers (e.g. 1,4-dimethoxybenzene).
These flower scent compounds are suggested to affect the host plant choice by attracting more sawflies from the distance to
flowering plants compared to non-flowering plants. The EAD-active compounds emitted from vegetative plant parts are assumed
to act as long-distance signals especially when flowers are absent on host plants, e.g. during the oviposition period of the
second generation of P. proxima. 相似文献
359.
McHugh B McGovern E Nixon E Klungsøyr J Rimkus GG Leonards PE deBoer J 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2004,6(8):665-672
The European Union project "Investigation into the monitoring, analysis and toxicity of toxaphene"(MATT) began in 1997 involving participants from the Netherlands, Ireland, Norway and Germany. Concentration information, analytical methodology and statistical interpretation of 207 samples covering 23 different fish species from European waters are presented for three toxaphene indicator congeners: CHBs 26, 50 and 62 (CHB = chlorobornane). Concentrations for the Sigma3CHBs were more elevated in fish from more northern latitudes, such as the Barents and Norwegian Sea, compared to fish from Irish, Dutch and German waters. Concentrations were lowest in shellfish and in fish species having low lipid content and were highest in medium/high lipid species. Females from a number of fish species were shown to contain significantly higher concentrations than those observed in male fish. Overall no samples were shown to exceed existing German MRL legislation, with only one Greenland halibut sample shown to exceed Canadian TDI recommendations. 相似文献
360.
Gerhard Jung 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1927,15(48-49):972-972